Order No: AAC 9331017 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: DORSAL-VENTRAL PATTERNING IN THE DROSOPHILA EMBRYO (ZYGOTIC GENES)
Author: RAY, ROBERT PAUL
School: HARVARD UNIVERSITY (0084) Degree: PHD Date: 1993
pp: 296
Source: DAI-B 54/06, p. 2860, Dec 1993
Subject: BIOLOGY, CELL (0379); BIOLOGY, GENETICS (0369)
Abstract: The dorsal-ventral pattern of the Drosophila embryo is
established by the orchestrated expression and regulation of maternal
and zygotic genes. Maternal genes contribute to the overall
architecture of the egg, and organize an activity gradient of the
maternal transcription factor dorsal (dl). The dl gradient activates
ventrally expressed genes like twist (twi) and snail (sna) and
represses dorsally expressed genes like decapentaplegic (dpp) and
zerknullt (zen) at two distinct thresholds. Thus, with respect to
these four zygotic genes, the dl gradient defines a simple pattern of
three levels. Dorsal cells express dpp and zen but not twi and sna,
lateral cells lack expression of all four genes, and ventral cells
express twi and sna, but not dpp and zen.
The zygotic expression patterns established by the dl gradient
define distinct domains that carry out independent developmental
programs. In the ventral domain, the transcription factors twi and
sna execute complementary roles in the specification of the mesoderm.
twi activates genes expressed in the mesoderm, and sna represses
genes expressed in adjacent regions. In the dorsal domain, dpp and
zen are elements in a hierarchy of gene expression that specifies the
dorsal ectoderm. dpp is an integral part of a dorsal-to-ventral
activity gradient. High levels of dpp activity specify amnioserosa,
while lower levels specify dorsal and ventral epidermis. The dpp
gradient is necessary to maintain and refine the expression pattern
of zen, which then acts as a selector gene for the amnioserosa.
Specification of the amnioserosa also requires the 'tailup'
genes. These genes act downstream of zen, and affect different
aspects of amnioserosa differentiation. In u-shaped mutant embryos,
amnioserosa cells fail to undergo characteristic cell shape changes.
In hindsight and tailup mutant embryos, cell shape changes are
observed, but expression of the diagnostic amnioserosa antigen,
Kruppel, is lacking. In serpent embryos, neither of these processes
is affected, but the general morphology of the amnioserosa is
altered.
These data provide evidence for a hierarchical specification of
pattern along the dorsal-ventral axis that is analogous to the
progression of events in anterior-posterior patterning. A comparison
of the dorsal-ventral and anterior-posterior patterning systems is
presented, and models of dorsal-ventral pattern formation are
discussed.
Order No: AAC 9316879 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: MICROELECTRONICS LAYOUT COMPACTION AND DESIGN VERIFICATION
Author: YAO, SO-ZEN DAVID
School: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO (0033) Degree: PHD
Date: 1993 pp: 100
Advisor: CHENG, CHUNG-KUAN
Source: DAI-B 54/02, p. 950, Aug 1993
Subject: COMPUTER SCIENCE (0984); ENGINEERING, ELECTRONICS AND
ELECTRICAL (0544)
Abstract: The importance of microelectronics layout compaction and
design verification has been shown in both industry and research
areas. For layout compaction, we address two major directions:
hierarchical compaction and compaction for conditional design rules.
In addition, we investigate a Multi-Chip Module (MCM) design
verification problem, namely substrate testing, for its importance in
MCM Manufacturing process.
We first describe a new linear programming (LP)-based
hierarchical pitchmatching compaction method. With a simplified
treatment of the inter-cell constraints, the size of the LP problems
is significantly smaller than the best known methods. In particular,
the pitchmatching problem is decomposed into independent sub-problems
by the natural slicing structure in layouts. Each sub-problem is
folded further to reduce the LP problem size. Experiments show that
the LP problem size can be 10 times smaller than the best known
result.
We then address the compaction of IC layouts subjected to
conditional design rules in multiple-level metal technology. The
constraints imposed by conditional rules make the automatic
compaction of layout much more difficult than when the usual minimum
separation rules are applied. To solve the problem, we first
formulate each conditional spacing rule with a set of arcs in the
constraint graph representation. We prove that finding the optimal
solution under bridge rule is NP-complete. We then propose a
graph-theoretic method of compaction which, by reducing the problem
size, can efficiently obtain an optimal solution.
Finally, for MCM substrate testing, we find the k-probe testing
methodology is an effective approach to detect open, short, and high
resistance faults in MCM substrates. For k-probe testing, we propose
a complete open fault coverage algorithm which generates a minimum
number of tests. Our algorithm reduces the number of tests by up to
50% compared to that of previous approaches. A multi-dimensional
traveling salesman problem formulation is devised to optimize probe
routes. Our package has been installed on existing substrate testers
and achieved encouraging results.
Order No: AAC 9326334 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: LEARNING TO LEAD IN JAPAN: THE MATSUSHITA APPROACH TO LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT
Author: WILLIAMS, DEAN
School: HARVARD UNIVERSITY (0084) Degree: EDD Date: 1993
pp: 310
Advisor: BOLMAN, LEE
Source: DAI-A 54/05, p. 1639, Nov 1993
Subject: EDUCATION, ADULT AND CONTINUING (0516); EDUCATION, HIGHER
(0745); BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION, MANAGEMENT (0454)
Abstract: This dissertation is a qualitative case study of a unique
approach to leadership education developed by the Matsushita
Institute of Government and Management in Japan. The Matsushita
Institute, or Matsushita Seikei Juku, was established in 1980 by
Konosuke Matsushita, the founder of the Matsushita Electric
Industrial Company. His purpose in creating the school was to provide
an educational institute in Japan that could train and develop
'leaders' for government and industry who could contribute to the
transformation of Japan and ultimately the world.
The school offers a five year training program but awards no
degrees, requires no tuition, and has no faculty. The institute
employs a range of methods that include group discussion, lectures,
counselling, zen meditation, kendo, and self-directed learning to
develop the leadership capacities of the students. I examine this
educational experience, and discuss how the institute prepares and
develops individuals for their respective careers and, in particular,
to exercise leadership.
In the 1990's we are seeing a growing interest in leadership
education but little information is available about alternative
approaches, particularly those used by the Japanese. In this paper I
present the Matsushita educational methodology and discuss its
relevance to leadership development in the West.
Order No: AAC 9317447 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: 66 TIMES, THE VOICE OF PINES AND CEDARS. (ORIGINAL COMPOSITION) (SYMPHONIC POEMS)
Author: CHEN, SHIH-HUI
School: BOSTON UNIVERSITY (0017) Degree: DMA Date: 1993 pp: 56
Advisor: MERRYMAN, MARJORIE
Source: DAI-A 54/02, p. 453, Aug 1993
Subject: EDUCATION, MUSIC (0522); LITERATURE, ASIAN (0305); MUSIC
(0413)
Abstract: 66 Times, the Voice of Pines and Cedars was written for
soprano and chamber orchestra. With the exception of the last poem,
all of the poems of this song cycle are taken from an English
translation of Kokinshu, a collection of ancient Japanese poems from
the early 10th century. The last poem was written at a later time by
a Zen nun. All of the poems, however, share similar characters; they
are all short depictions of nature. Furthermore, each poem represents
a season within the entire seasonal cycle: it begins with Autumn,
proceeds through Winter, Spring, Summer and finally returns to Autumn
to complete the cycle.
The nature and subject matter of the poems have influenced the
treatment of the material. Although voice and instruments have been
treated with equal importance, they function differently. The
instrumental ensemble has been used as the primary vehicle for
depicting the scenes of the texts which are concurrently being
enunciated by the voice. This 'tone painting' function is similar to
that of the orchestra in the symphonic poem.
Order No: AAC 9317801 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: NEW CIRCUIT AND STRUCTURES FOR COMBINATIONAL MULTIPLIERS
Author: SONG, PAUL JEI-ZEN
School: STANFORD UNIVERSITY (0212) Degree: PHD Date: 1993
pp: 107
Advisor: DEMICHELI, GIOVANNI
Source: DAI-B 54/02, p. 1021, Aug 1993
Subject: ENGINEERING, ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL (0544); COMPUTER
SCIENCE (0984); ENGINEERING, SYSTEM SCIENCE (0790)
Abstract: A critical component of parallel multipliers is the
partial-product reduction array. Wallace proposed a scheme for
implementing this array by using of carry-save adders. His scheme,
when applied to IEEE-standard double-precision floating-point
multiplication, requires nine stages of counters that can be reduced
to seven by using the modified Booth's algorithm. Unfortunately,
Wallace trees lack regularity and may lead to irregular layouts, with
significant long wires and associated delays. Other regular
implementations, for example using (4,2) counters, require more stage
delays.
A new scheme is introduced that uses a new family of counters,
called the (9,2) counter family. This family exploits hierarchical
compositions of (3,2) counters. This scheme has the same number of
stage delays as Wallace's, but it leads to more regular layouts.
Therefore, it can support faster operation. In addition, it is
amenable to computer-aided synthesis and optimization. Parameterized
module generators in the L language have been used in the design for
counters and the partial-product reduction array. These generators
were used to synthesize the layout and to explore the scaling trends
in different processes for high-performance multiplication.
Three test structures for IEEE-standard double-precision
floating-point multipliers were fully designed and fabricated in
BiCMOS technology. The circuits were successfully tested. The fastest
chip achieved the product (53 bits) reduction in at most 7.2 nsec,
measured on silicon. Scaling calculations suggest that the proposed
architecture could be used to build complete multipliers (including
the final addition stage, normalization and rounding) operating in
about 15 nsec and without iteration. The method is competitive with
other approaches implemented in existing commercial multiplier chips.
Order No: AAC 9329535 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: THE AESTHETICS OF INDETERMINACY: A MEETING GROUND BETWEEN EASTERN MYSTICISM AND POSTMODERNISM AND SELECTED NOVELS BY TOM ROBBINS, RICHARD BRAUTIGAN, AND ROBERT PIRSIG
(BRAUTIGAN RICHARD, ROBBINS TOM, PIRSIG ROBERT, MYSTICISM)
Author: SHIN, DOO-HO
School: INDIANA UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA (0318) Degree: PHD
Date: 1993 pp: 424
Advisor: VELLA, MICHAEL W.
Source: DAI-A 54/06, p. 2153, Dec 1993
Subject: LITERATURE, AMERICAN (0591); RELIGION, PHILOSOPHY OF
(0322)
Abstract: Indeterminacy has become a dominant concern in postmodern
literature and literary criticism as well as in other postmodern
cultures and the research done these areas demonstrates an abiding
interest in indeterminacy. However, little effort has been made in
establishing a meeting ground between Eastern mystical traditions and
Western postmodernist thought. And even less research has been done
on the postmodern writers who pave a new way of understanding
postmodern Western culture by establishing dialogue between the
traditions of the East and literary postmodernism of the West.
This dissertation explores a meeting ground between Eastern
mystical traditions and postmodern Western culture, attempts to
account for it theoretically, and discusses how such dialogue works
in selected novels by postmodernist writers, who not only employ
postmodern indeterminacy but also incorporate Eastern mystical ideas
in their works: Tom Robbins's Another Roadside Attraction, Even
Cowgirls Get the Blues, Richard Brautigan's Trout Fishing in America,
and Robert Pirsig's Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance. A
general discussion of my method covers the historical and current
debates concerning the issue of determinacy and indeterminacy in the
areas of the new physics, deep ecology, deconstruction language
theory, and philosophy in each chapter, in relation not only to
literature and literary criticism, but also to Eastern mysticism.
Eastern mystical traditions share striking similarities with
postmodern thinking about indeterminacy in these areas. Indeterminacy
has been constantly accepted in Eastern mystical traditions, while in
the West it has only recently gained attention. And these writers who
were familiar with both traditions well developed the theme of
indeterminacy in their writing.
By studying these three authors' dominant concerns as these
radiate out from indeterminacy, we get a better sense of how far they
have taken us in a postmodernist East-West dialogue of contemporary
thought and expression and how the Easterners are potentially well
equipped with spiritual traditions not only to understand Western
postmodern literary phenomena which are still new to most Eastern
readers but also to develop their own culture specific versions of
postmodern literature and criticism.
Order No: AAC 9329578 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF THE IMPEDANCE OF FRACTAL ELECTRODES (ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS)
Author: CAO, QI-ZHONG
School: UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS (0118) Degree: PHD
Date: 1993 pp: 157
Advisor: WONG, PO-ZEN
Source: DAI-B 54/06, p. 3130, Dec 1993
Subject: PHYSICS, ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM (0607)
Abstract: The constant-phase-angle (CPA) impedance observed in
electrochemical cells is often thought to be due to fractal roughness
on the electrode surface. This idea was pursued by numerous
theoretical and experimental studies in the last decade but there is
no consensus on the quantitative relationship between the roughness
and the impedance. In this study, we consider the partial
differential equations that govern the electrostatic potential and
the concentrations of anions and cations between two blocking
electrodes which have no chemical reactions. We assume that diffusion
and conduction are the only transport mechanisms and the
Poisson-Boltzmann equation is obeyed. These equations are linearized
and solved analytically in one dimension and numerically in two
dimensions. For the latter, we used electrodes shaped like Koch
curves and saw-tooth curves. A special grid was generated by
conformal mapping to fit these boundaries with singularities and the
equations are solved by finite-difference method on this grid. The
numerical results are compared to the one-dimensional solution that
give the behavior of the flat electrode. We find that the only
observable effect of surface roughness is that it increases the
interfacial capacitance due to the increased surface area. No
evidence of the CPA impedance could be seen in our numerical data. We
also studied the problem with the boundary-element method. It
confirms that the numerical results are rigorously correct in the
high and low frequency limit. Requiring the impedance in the
intermediate frequency regime to match smoothly with these limits
rule out the possibility of a CPA impedance. We suggest that the CPA
impedance observed in many experiments is caused either by the
adsorption and desorption of ions on the surface, or by oxidation and
corrosion on the surface that changed the boundary conditions in the
system.
Order No: AAC 9322412 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: METAPHORS OF MENTAL HEALTH: A ZEN COMMENTARY (ETYMOLOGY, WORLD VIEWS)
Author: JOSLYN, MARC L.
School: THE FIELDING INSTITUTE (0565) Degree: PHD Date: 1993
pp: 555
Advisor: YABROFF, WILLIAM
Source: DAI-B 54/03, p. 1670, Sep 1993
Subject: PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL (0622); RELIGION, PHILOSOPHY OF
(0322); LANGUAGE, GENERAL (0679)
Abstract: Assuming with many ecologists that the current worldwide
crisis reflects a profound deficiency in what is taken as mental
health in Western civilization, this study examined the efficacy of
'sanity/insanity' and related metaphors that constitute our world
view. Analyzing the metaphors etymologically it was found that
synonyms for 'real' derive mainly from past tense constructions, in
effect denying change and mortality, but befitting the past-fixing,
pseudo eternal assumptions of our atomistic world view. It turned out
that our metaphors for health and sanity are mainly holistic in
origin, while many metaphors for ill health and insanity had the
original meaning of divisiveness and obstruction. The most
comprehensive metaphors for health like 'life' and 'mind' proved to
be closer in meaning to emerging ecological notions as well as to
ancient notions because they were originally organic or paradoxical
in meaning, transcending the usual splits of our world view like
whole/parts, animate/inanimate, man/nature, mental/physical.
Quotations were evaluated from Western authors of various
disciplines who acknowledge the seriousness of the current crisis,
the inadequacy of modern psychology to understand it, and who are
open to alternate views that seem ecologically saner, such as those
of 'pagan' cultures which hold that nature is alive, interactive,
self-regulating and intrinsically moral. Among the conclusions
arrived at from comparing the prevailing view to more ecologically
compatible views, it was observed that when civilizations become too
abstract, nature is seen as immoral, hostile, chaotic, crazy, in dire
need of external controls, and fair game for unlimited exploitation.
Vital aspects of human nature are similarly regarded when obscured by
civilized artifacts.
Zen was introduced as immediate experience prior to all
conceptual opposites. From this zero point, human conceptualizing can
be seen as inventing opposites, splitting them unilaterally into
absolute hierarchies (like right/wrong, scientific/subjective,
up/down, future/past), then concealing its activity and 'discovering'
its products as real entities or principles imposed from outside.
Finally, Zen metaphors of immediate experience (some already present
in Western psychology) were offered as total existence-affirming
illustrations of mental health.
Order No: AAC 9312789 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: MEDITATION, REST, AND SLEEP ONSET: A COMPARISON OF EEG AND RESPIRATION CHANGES
Author: NAIFEH, KAREN HEMPEL
School: CALIFORNIA SCHOOL OF PROFESSIONAL PSYCHOLOGY -
BERKELEY/ALAMEDA (0039) Degree: PHD Date: 1993 pp: 97
Advisor: HEIDE, FREDERICK
Source: DAI-B 53/12, p. 6608, Jun 1993
Subject: PSYCHOLOGY, PSYCHOBIOLOGY (0349); PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL
(0622)
Abstract: Meditation has been likened to an extension of the
wake-sleep transition on the basis of EEG studies. This study looked
at patterns of EEG and respiration (alveolar Pco2, thoracic vs
abdominal movement, and respiratory rate) during meditation in 3
different meditation groups (Yoga, Zen Buddhist and Tibetan
Buddhist), as well as during relaxation in nonmeditating controls,
and compared them to EEG and respiration patterns of normal sleep
onset in the same subjects. Two or 3 meditation sessions were run on
several subjects to assess stability of the findings across days. Co2
sensitivity of the respiratory centers of the brain during meditation
(or relaxation in controls) and baseline was also measured. The main
findings of the study were (1) a greater incidence of EEG of relaxed
wakefulness (as opposed to early stage 1 sleep EEG) during meditation
in the Zen meditators as compared to all other groups; (2) a greater
incidence of late stage 1 sleep EEG activity in controls during
relaxation as compared to the Tibetan and Zen groups during
meditation; and (3) a different pattern of EEG and alveolar Pco2
changes in meditators of all groups during meditation as compared to
either relaxation in controls or normal sleep onset in the same
meditator subjects. Specifically, with regard to this last finding,
during meditation the pattern was one of increased alveolar Pco2 when
the EEG was indicative of relaxed wakefulness as well as when it was
that of stage 1 sleep; whereas during both relaxation in controls and
during sleep onset in all groups, the pattern was one of increased
Pco2 only when the EEG was indicative of stage 1 sleep. The
conclusions are that there are neurophysiological differences as well
as similarities between different meditative disciplines, that
meditation (as investigated here) and the wake-sleep transition do
not involve identical neurophysiologic processes, and that meditation
is not equivalent to simple rest. Given these findings, it is
hypothesized that meditation produces a 'movement' of
neurophysiologic processes which normally occur closer to sleep in
the wake-sleep transition (hypnagogic processes) to a higher level of
arousal with more conscious awareness and access to memory.
Order No: AAC 9321903 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: A STUDY OF THE EVOLUTION OF K'AN-HUA CH'AN IN SUNG CHINA: YUAN-WU K'O-CH'IN (1063-1135) AND THE FUNCTION OF KUNG-AN IN CH'AN PEDAGOGY AND PRAXIS (SUNG DYNASTY, BUDDHISM, MEDITATION)
Author: HSIEH, DING-HWA EVELYN
School: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, LOS ANGELES (0031) Degree: PHD
Date: 1993 pp: 275
Advisor: BUSWELL, ROBERT E. JR.
Source: DAI-A 54/03, p. 969, Sep 1993
Subject: RELIGION, HISTORY OF (0320); HISTORY, ASIA, AUSTRALIA AND
OCEANIA (0332); PHILOSOPHY (0422)
Abstract: The dissertation involves a study of the evolution of a
meditation technique unique to Ch'an (Jpn. Zen)--k'an-hua Ch'an (the
Ch'an of investigating the critical phrase (Ch. hua-t'ou) of the
kung-an (Jpn. koan; public case))--as practiced in the Chinese
Lin-chi (Jpn. Rinzai) school during the Sung period (960-1279). By
focusing on the life and thought of the Lin-chi Ch'an master Yuan-wu
K'o-ch'in (1063-1135), I wish to provide a clearer idea of how Sung
Lin-chi monks reconciled the dichotomy between Ch'an's rhetoric and
meditative praxis in regard to kung-an practice.
Chapter one of this dissertation is an introduction to why I
believe this research to be important and a survey of previous
scholarly views on the kung-an. Chapter two is a survey of Yuan-wu's
life; references are drawn from various Buddhist biographical sources
collected in the Taisho shinshu daizokyo and the Hsu-tsang ching, and
also some non-Buddhist materials as well. Detailed information about
Yuan-wu's works will also be provided there.
Chapter three deals with the ontology that Yuan-wu adopted to
support his soteriological system. My attempt there is mainly to
elucidate Yuan-wu's viewpoints toward the relationship between
cultivation and enlightenment in the context of the larger Ch'an
tradition, and to understand how Yuan-wu tried hard to support the
idea of subitism in Ch'an praxis while repairing some soteriological
deficiencies in that idea as perceived by people within and outside
Ch'an.
Chapter four is an analysis of Yuan-wu's kung-an anthology, the
Pi-yen lu (Blue Cliff Record). The purpose of this chapter is to
explore Yuan-wu's motives for producing this kung-an text and his
response to the internal crisis engendered by the so-called wen-tzu
Ch'an (the lettered Ch'an) movement of his time.
Chapter five focuses on Yuan-wu's approach to kung-an
investigation. Through examining Yuan-wu's sayings and writings, I
will demonstrate that Yuan-wu played a crucial transitional role in
the evolution from wen-tzu Ch'an to k'an-hua Ch'an.
Chapter six is a summary of the development of Sung k'an-hua
Ch'an, which, I suggest, may be classified as 'literati Buddhism,'
since its target lay audience was members of the Sung literati and
its motives were mainly to accommodate and respond to that social and
intellectual class. Thus a study of Yuan-wu's instructions on kung-an
investigation and his teachings on Ch'an cultivation may further
yield vital information about the mutual influence between Ch'an
Buddhism and Sung Confucianism.
Order No: AAC 9331065 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: ZEN NUNS: LIVING TREASURES OF JAPANESE BUDDHISM (WOMEN RELIGIOUS)
Author: ARAI, PAULA KANE ROBINSON
School: HARVARD UNIVERSITY (0084) Degree: PHD Date: 1993
pp: 391
Advisor: NAGATOMI, MASATOSHI
Source: DAI-A 54/06, p. 2189, Dec 1993
Subject: RELIGION, HISTORY OF (0320); RELIGION, GENERAL (0318);
WOMEN'S STUDIES (0453)
Abstract: This study explores the history and patterns of life of
Japanese women in monastic Soto Zen Buddhism, a religious movement
that has flourished in Japan since the thirteenth century. Despite
academics of Zen Buddhism having treated the religion as though it
were only a male monastic tradition, original historical and
anthropological research reveals the experience of female monastics
in modern Japan to be at stark variance with that of their male
counterparts. Zen nuns maintain the practices espoused by Dogen
(1200-1253), the founder of Soto Zen in Japan. Although academics are
divided over the significance of Dogen's egalitarian teachings, Soto
nuns are not. In the twentieth century they were not daunted by the
male-dominating authorities that circumscribed their lives. On the
contrary, with the knowledge that their founder supported women, Zen
nuns fought relentlessly with the Soto sect administration. In a few
decades they succeeded in institutionalizing equality into all sect
regulations.
Reflecting upon the historiographic and interpretive issues
involved in scholarship on the history of women and on women's
religious practices are integral aspects of the quest to restore
women's contributions to the content and history of Zen Buddhism.
Through the original documents and historical texts I procured, the
history, practices, and recent advances of Zen nuns is emerging.
Based upon information I gathered from an extended period of
participant-observation in a Zen monastery for women, extensive
interviews, and responses to my national survey of female monastics,
I present the first scholarly examination of the lives and
self-perceptions of Zen monastic women. My work offers an overview of
their personal backgrounds, motivations, religious values, spiritual
practices, perceptions of society's views of them, attitudes towards
male monastics, thoughts on social responsibility, and
self-reflections on life as a Zen nun.
In the face of competing impulses coursing through modern
Japanese society, Soto Zen nuns choose to maintain a traditional
monastic lifestyle, not allowing the currents of modernity to dilute
their religious commitment. This study explicates the dual role of
Soto Zen monastic women as preservers of religious and cultural
traditions and as active participators in the progressive movement
for the independence and equality of women.
Order No: AAC 9328544 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: CHING AND CHUAN: TOWARDS DEFINING THE CONFUCIAN SCRIPTURES IN HAN CHINA (206 BCE-220 CE)
Author: TSAI, YEN-ZEN
School: HARVARD UNIVERSITY (0084) Degree: THD Date: 1993
pp: 368
Advisor: TU, WEI-MING
Source: DAI-A 54/05, p. 1843, Nov 1993
Subject: RELIGION, HISTORY OF (0320); LITERATURE, ASIAN (0305)
Abstract: The Wu ching (Five Scriptures) are the most sacred books
believed to be composed by former sages and transmitted by Confucius.
Ancient Chinese viewed them as embodying the tao, the ultimate truth.
To obtain it, one had to grasp these texts as an inseparable whole.
This classical ideal, however, encountered a great challenge when
Confucian scriptural learning became a national enthusiasm in the Han
Dynasty (206 BCE-220 CE).
Thanks to the promotion of Confucianism by Emperor Wu (r. 141-87
BCE), Han Confucians devoted themselves to the study of the Wu ching
and thereby hoped to enter the desirable officialdom. This 'way of
emolument and gain' was further encouraged by the Confucian
self-understanding that the ultimate goal of scriptural learning was
to realize the tao in the sociopolitical arena. Since the Wu ching
were too recondite to learn and acquaintance with only one of them
was sufficient to be recognized by the government, the phenomena of
scriptural departmentalization and elaborate commentaries on each of
the ching texts occurred. The intellectual focus now shifted not only
from the integrated five ching to only one of them, but also from the
primary ching text to its commentaries, chuan.
The pragmatic and reductionist orientation found another example
in the Han treatment of the Lun-yu and Hsiao ching. People of Han
China believed that Confucius, 'the later sage,' authored these two
chuan texts. What he says and demonstrates in them, sacred and
authoritative, were commentaries on the Wu ching. Because of textual
simplicity, it became fashionable for one simply to study them in
their own right. Further promulgated by Han rulers for practical
purposes, the degree of their popularity eventually exceeded that of
the profound Wu ching.
Practicality and functionality are the keys that one has to take
seriously in one's discussion of the Confucian scriptures. As
'scripture' is an important expression of human religiosity, the
scriptural developments in Han China thus exhibit significant
implications for our understanding of Confucian religiosity.
Order No: NOT AVAILABLE FROM UMI ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: PLANNING KEYS IN JAPANESE GARDENS. ESSAY ON THE PROCESS OF DEFINING THE FORM [PAUTES PROJECTUALS DEL JARDI JAPONES. ASSAIG SOBRE EL PROCES DE DEFINICIO DE LA FORMA]
Author: SALVADO I SANSA, JOSEP
School: UNIVERSITAT POLITECNICA DE CATALUNYA (SPAIN) (5874)
Date: 1992 pp: 206
Source: DAI-C 54/04, p. 956, Winter 1993
Language: CATALAN
Subject: ARCHITECTURE (0729)
Publisher: EDICIONS DE LA UNIVERSITAT POLITECNICA DE CATALUNYA, AVDA. DR. GREGORIO MARANON, S/N E-08028 BARCELONA, SPAIN
Location: SERVEI DE PUBLICACIONS DE LA UNIVERSITAT POLITECNICA DE CATALUNYA, JORDI GIRONA SALGADO, 31, E-08028 BARCELONA, SPAIN
Abstract: This dissertation is, overall, debating the formal
arguments which have established the conceptual tools to design a
Japanese garden.
The initial idea, to trace, in the dissertation, starting from
the mental world to arrive in a world exclusively physical, is
outlined in the contents, and in the introductory poem. The process
from mental to physical is reversible. The first garden forms are
geographical and the last basically conceptual.
Geography is representative of the physical and philosophy is
representative of the mental world. Geography and philosophy are the
extreme conceptual tools to design a Japanese garden.
Geography without philosophy creates 'Shakkei' technique and
philosophy without geography creates Zen gardens. Shakkei is form
without background and a Zen garden is background with minimal form.
The percentage of physical and mental in different garden forms
defines the images between Shakkei and Zen gardens. Shakkei is 90%
geography and 10% philosophy; Zen gardens are 90% philosophy and 10%
geography. Between Shakkei and Zen, we find geography with a function
(stroll garden) and function with form (tea garden).
Man appears in the middle phase of this process to define the
garden form. Man's geometrical form is comprised in the Paradise
garden form, after geomantic rules and before those of the Zen
garden.
Particularities of land and Japanese man are the roots for the
Japanese garden: small scale, no axial symmetry, animism in the
natural world, pantheistic ego, and naturocentric culture create the
Japanese garden.
Order No: AAC 9226607 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: HOMEOBOX CONTAINING GENES IN TERATOCARCINOMA EMBRYOID BODIES: A POSSIBLE ROLE FOR HOX-4.7 IN ESTABLISHING THE EXTRAEMBRYONIC ENDODERM LINEAGE IN THE MOUSE (ENDODERM DIFFERENTIATION, HOX-4.7)
Author: LABOSKY, PATRICIA ANN
School: WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY (0255) Degree: PHD Date: 1992
pp: 100
Advisor: GRABEL, LAURA B.
Source: DAI-B 53/05, p. 2131, Nov 1992
Subject: BIOLOGY, CELL (0379); BIOLOGY, GENETICS (0369); BIOLOGY,
MOLECULAR (0307)
Abstract: We are interested in identifying genes involved in
mediating early lineage decisions in the mouse embryo. F9
teratocarcinoma cells, treated with retinoic acid (RA) in suspension
culture develop into embryoid bodies (EBs) with an inner core of stem
cells and an outer layer of visceral endoderm. This mimics early
events occurring in the peri-implantation mouse embryo and provides
us with a model system. We have used PCR to identify homeobox
containing genes that could be involved in establishing the visceral
endoderm lineage. PCR reactions were performed with degenerate
oligonucleotide primers similar to the Antennapedia (Antp), bicoid
(bcd), and zerknullt (zen) homeodomains of Drosophila. Initial
experiments were performed using genomic DNA as template. The PCR
product of the expected size was isolated, subcloned, and sequenced.
Among the sub-cloned PCR products were representatives of previously
identified mouse genes including Hox-2.2, -2.3, -2.4, -4.7, and a
novel homeobox sequence.
The same degenerate oligonucleotide primers were then used with
cDNAs from early EBs as template in order to identify genes expressed
at the early, and presumably crucial decision making, times in
endoderm differentiation. Again, the PCR product of the expected size
was isolated, subcloned, and sequenced. Among the sub-cloned PCR
products were representatives of previously identified mouse genes
including Hox-1.3, -1.6, -1.7, -2.4, -2.8, -3.1, and -4.7. Whole
mount in situ hybridization analysis, performed to examine the
temporal and spatial distribution of transcripts, suggests a role for
the Hox-4.7 gene during endoderm differentiation in F9 EBs. While the
expression patterns of several other homeobox genes are essentially
uniform, Hox-4.7 expression is restricted to the outer edge of early
embryoid bodies at a time when lineage decisions may be occurring.
In order to establish the relationship between the Hox-4.7
expression pattern and the role of RA in inducing F9 EB
differentiation, we examined PSA-1 EBs that differentiate in the
absence of added RA. PSA-1 EBs show the same temporal and spatial
localization of Hox-4.7 as F9 EBs. These data suggest that the
pattern of Hox-4.7 expression correlates with endoderm
differentiation and not with RA treatment, and point to a role for
homeobox containing genes during the early stages of mouse
embryogenesis.
Order No: AAC 9313621 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: DIFFERENTIAL REGULATION BY THE DORSAL GRADIENT MORPHOGEN IN DROSOPHILA DORSAL-VENTRAL PATTERN FORMATION
Author: JIN, JIANG
School: COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY (0054) Degree: PHD Date: 1992
pp: 143
Advisor: LEVINE, MICHAEL
Source: DAI-B 54/01, p. 81, Jul 1993
Subject: BIOLOGY, MOLECULAR (0307); BIOLOGY, GENETICS (0369)
Abstract: The establishment of different tissue differentiation
territories along the dorsal-ventral (D/V) axis of the Drosophila
embryo is directly regulated by the maternal morphogen dorsal (dl).
dl is distributed in a concentration gradient which is generated by
selective nuclear transport. The dl gradient functions as a morphogen
and defines the spatial limits of tissue differentiation territories
by controlling zygotic regulatory genes in a concentration dependent
manner. dl encodes a Rel related transcription factor. Promoter
analyses of several dl target genes have demonstrated that dl
functions both as a transcriptional activator and a repressor in the
early embryo. Multiple dl binding sites have been identified in dl
target promoters including twi, sna, and rho promoters, and the zen
ventral repression element (VRE); and mutations in dl binding sites
severely reduce or abolish the corresponding ventral activation or
repression by the dl morphogen.
Here, we initiated experiments exploring the mechanisms
underlying the differential regulation by the dl morphogen. We
demonstrated that threshold responses to the dl morphogen are
determined by affinities of dl binding sites and cooperative
interactions between dl and basic helix-loop-helix(b-HLH) activators.
High-affinity sites can respond to lower thresholds of dl than
low-affinity sites, and proper linkages of dl binding sites with
certain b-HLH protein binding sites (E-boxes) allows target promoters
to be activated by the lowest levels of dl present in the ventral
lateral regions. We also provided evidence that the dl protein is
intrinsically a transcriptional activator, and repression by dl
requires additional factors (dl corepressors). We have identified two
distinct classes of binding sites in the zen VRE, which are probably
recognized by two different nuclear factors. Mutations in either
class abolished the ventral repression mediated by the VRE and
converted it from a silencer into an enhancer. Our results argued for
a combinatorial mechanism of dl repression whereby dl molecules block
transcription when they form repressive complexes with neighboring
bound corepressors.
Order No: AAC 1348628 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: CONVERSION OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL DATA TO THREE-DIMENSIONAL CAD FORMAT
Author: SUNDARAMURTHY, VIJAYASHREE
School: THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT ARLINGTON (2502) Degree: MS
Date: 1992 pp: 81
Advisor: DEVARAJAN, VENKAT
Source: MAI 31/01, p. 403, Spring 1993
Subject: ENGINEERING, ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL (0544); COMPUTER
SCIENCE (0984)
Abstract: An algorithm is presented for the conversion of 2D data to
3D CAD format. This algorithm is a combination of a constraint
propagation technique and a volume intersection technique. It is
similar to the one developed by Zen Chen (9) but the complexity of
that algorithm is significantly reduced by the use of the proposed
volume intersection technique.
The three major phases in the conversion process are:
decomposition, reconstruction of subpart, subpart composition. The
decomposition phase recognizes certain features in the 2D drawing.
The reconstruction phase recognizes each feature as a particular
class of object and determines the dimensions from other 2D drawings.
The root or the base object is also constructed by extruding the
outline of all the three views and, by performing a volume
intersection operation on it. The final phase consists of interactive
assembling of the parts by the user. Since the various parts are
created within an AUTOCAD$/sp1$ file, with their relative position
same as their position in the final object, the user can assemble the
parts using Boolean operation commands. ftn$/sp1$AUTOCAD is a
trademark of AUTODESK
Order No: AAC 1348659 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: FABRICATION AND PERFORMANCE OF AC THIN-FILM ELECTROLUMINESCENT DEVICES USING MOCVD PREPARED ZINC SULFIDE:MANGANESE PHOSPHOR LAYERS
Author: CHUANG, DA-ZEN
School: SAN JOSE STATE UNIVERSITY (6265) Degree: MS Date: 1992
pp: 113
Advisor: MASTERS, BURT
Source: MAI 31/01, p. 411, Spring 1993
Subject: ENGINEERING, MATERIALS SCIENCE (0794); ENGINEERING,
ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL (0544); ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL
(0542)
Abstract: Thin film electroluminescent devices with the
metal-insulator-semiconductor-insulator-metal structure were made and
studied in this work. MOCVD prepared ZnS was used as a phosphor layer
after the introduction of manganese centers by thermal diffusion;
vacuum evaporated SiO was chosen for the insulating layers; the whole
device was fabricated on an ITO glass substrate. A sinusoidal power
supply was connected to the devices to apply voltage for
electroluminescence (EL) generation. EL was created as the applied
voltage exceeded threshold value. The emission waveform of EL was
observed to be unsymmetrical with respect to the polarity of the
applied voltage. The luminance v.s. applied voltage curves exhibited
a memory effect and aging effect. The average lifetime of the
prepared devices was about two to three hours. Reproducibility was
poor. Replacing the SiO, together with better control of the device
fabrication might be of help to prolong the lifetime and increase the
reproducibility of devices using the proposed fabrication process.
Order No: AAC 9303017 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: GARY SNYDER'S POETRY: A STUDY OF THE FORMATION AND TRANSFORMATION OF HIS ENLIGHTENED VISION (SNYDER GARY, ZEN BUDDHISM)
Author: LIN, JYAN-LUNG
School: MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY (0128) Degree: PHD Date: 1992
pp: 240
Source: DAI-A 53/12, p. 4321, Jun 1993
Subject: LITERATURE, AMERICAN (0591)
Abstract: Since the appearance of Jack Kerouac's The Dharma Bums
(1958) and Alan Watts' Beat Zen Square Zen and Zen (1959), Gary
Snyder's poetic reputation has increased dramatically. His books
received sympathetic and serious criticism in the 1960's from such
important poet-critics as Kenneth Rexroth and Robert Bly. In the last
two decades at least three full-length studies of Snyder's mind and
art have been published. More recently, a number of critics have
attempted to explicate his esoteric allusions to Zen Buddhist
thought. Yet no critical study of Snyder's poetry presenting his
spiritual development as well as the transforming visions that come
with his Buddhist enlightenment has been written. My study makes a
start. In discussing Snyder's poetry, I rely on Zen methodology while
placing his work within American literary tradition, dating back to
Emerson, which seeks new sources of inspiration from the Orient.
The introductory chapter looks briefly at Snyder's life from a
chronological perspective, which includes his direct contact with Zen
Buddhism and Oriental literature. The second chapter contains an
introduction to Zen Buddhism and poetry in that tradition, and a
discussion of Snyder's poetics--his imagism grounded on the principle
of Zen aesthetics and his elliptical style suitable for expressing
the inexpressible. In the third chapter, I examine his holistic
vision of the phenomenal and the noumenal. The fourth chapter reveals
the process of his spiritual development from self-examination to an
exercise of social wisdom. The fifth chapter deals with his
transforming visions, suggested by his sense of humour, his daily
activities, and the unique Zen moods underlying his poetry. In the
final chapter, I evaluate Snyder's poetry and make some comments
concerning its contribution to American literature as well as to the
ecology movement.
Snyder's best work stems from his vision of an integrated and
unified world. It not only influences poets but attempts to create in
the reader a change of consciousness. His Zen Buddhist insights
presented through sensuous images are the source of a poetry of
incredible power and beauty. He has learned from the Orient a poetry
of spontaneity and startling originality which expands the range and
depth of a literary tradition deeply rooted in the American past.
Order No: AAC 9305277 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: THE ODYSSEY OF THE BUDDHIST MIND: THE ALLEGORY OF 'THE LATER JOURNEY TO THE WEST' (CHINESE)
Author: LIU, XIAOLIAN
School: WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY (0252) Degree: PHD Date: 1992
pp: 360
Advisor: HEGEL, ROBERT E.
Source: DAI-A 53/09, p. 3203, Mar 1993
Subject: LITERATURE, COMPARATIVE (0295); LITERATURE, ASIAN (0305);
RELIGION, PHILOSOPHY OF (0322)
Abstract: The Later Journey to the West by an anonymous Chinese
author of the seventeenth century, was written as a sequel to Wu
Cheng'en's (ca. 1510-82) Journey to the West, a story of Tripitaka
and his disciples on a pilgrimage to obtain Buddhist scriptures in
the Western Paradise. The sequel describes the journey taken by the
younger generation of the original pilgrims to the Spirit Mountain in
search for the true teachings of the scriptures. This dissertation
examines the theme, structure and characterization of the novel and
their allegorical meanings by demonstrating that the journey of the
pilgrims operates on two levels: on the literary level, the heroes go
through adventures and ordeals in the physical world of mortals, gods
and demons; on the allegorical level, the process is symbolic of the
religious transformation in the spiritual world of the human mind.
Portrayed as historical figures, mythic beings and demonic creatures,
the pilgrims and their adversaries carry out their thematic functions
as symbolic personages representing the moral behavior of various
social types, or personifying abstract ideas and desires in the realm
of Buddhist psychology. Thus the depiction of the battle or
confrontation between the pilgrims and their enemies represents the
author's effort to illustrate allegorically not only the experience
of resisting social evils and temptations, but also the dualistic
nature of the human mind with both divine and demonic tendencies, as
symbolized by Buddhas and demons. Structured on the Chan (Zen)
Buddhist doctrine that Buddhahood (which stands for Truth or the
final goal of Buddhism) is only attained through the cultivation of
one's own mind, the journey ends with the pilgrims' triumph over
their adversaries and their acquisition of the ultimate divine
wisdom, which symbolize the perfect control of the secular mind as
the source of all untamed human instincts and desires. Through the
analysis of the themes and narrative techniques of the novel, this
study aims to shed some light not only on the author's literary
achievement, but also on the generic features of allegorical
discourse against the background of both Western and Chinese
allegorical traditions.
Order No: AAC 9301854 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: EL UNIVERSO POETICO DE JOSE KOZER (SPANISH TEXT, KOZER JOSE, CUBA)
Author: HEREDIA MORILLO, AIDA LUCIA
School: STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK AT BUFFALO (0656)
Degree: PHD Date: 1992 pp: 221
Advisor: RICHARDS, HENRY J.
Source: DAI-A 53/09, p. 3232, Mar 1993
Language: SPANISH
Subject: LITERATURE, LATIN AMERICAN (0312)
Abstract: This dissertation analyzes the fundamental themes in the
work of the Cuban poet Jose Kozer (1940) and determines the nature of
this cosmovision. Kozer's work has been classified as
neobarroco-neobarroso because of its multivocal quality. Our study of
recurring themes, such as the family, death, love, and writing, is
enriched by that of the varied treatments of images, situations and
objects. Kozer's early poems follow a linear movement, and the
referents are easily accessible. As his writing evolves, however, his
linguistic expression becomes more complex, the direct style yields
to an exuberant, ambiguous one, but the roots of his poetry remain,
paradoxically, in the quotidian. The increasing density of Kozer's
poetic language reveals a sense of integration and a desire to show
how the multiple aspects of everyday human existence are harmoniously
related.
In the first chapter we examine the dual role of the family. The
family as sign simultaneously manifests the disintegration of the
world and orients the poet in his attempt to reestablish societal
bonds. Kozer's treatment of the family begins with the father, who at
times provokes a poetry that highlights spiritual death, loss of
faith in humanity, and the mother, who almost always inspires a
poetry that celebrates life. As a consequence, the poet appears to
vacillate between disbelief and faith in spiritual regeneration,
between an awareness of the delusive nature of poetic writing and a
belief in its ability to enlighten. Kozer's preoccupation with his
Judeo-Christian heritage contributes to the psychological tension and
the sense of multiplicity that define his work. The poems discussed
in this chapter come from De Chepen a La Habana (1973), Este judio de
numeros y letras (1975), Bajo este cien (1963) and La garza sin
sombras (1985).
The second chapter deals with poems that reflect Kozer's
preoccupation with Zen philosophy, whose focus is on man's daily life
as a way towards the illumination of the inner self. The poems
examined here come from Jarron de las abreviaturas (1980), Bajo este
cien and La garza sin sombras.
The spiritual attitude reflected in Kozer's oriental poems is
strengthened in Carece de causa (1988), the collection on which the
final chapter concentrates. The creative act appears as a dual sacred
ceremony: the celebration of the Catholic mass and the writing of
poetry. The poet tries to mollify the rigidity of the Catholic
mass--emblematic of a circular movement from death to
resurrection--by juxtaposing against it the ecumenical nature of
poetry and the flexibility of poetic expression. In this chapter we
also analyze the way in which the poet treats sewing as a metaphor
for writing and associates both acts of creation with the divine.
Order No: AAC 9232284 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: JOHN CAGE'S 'EUROPERAS 1 & 2': THE MUSICAL MEANS OF REVOLUTION (CAGE JOHN, BUDDHISM, MUSIC AESTHETICS, ZEN BUDDHISM)
Author: KUHN, LAURA DIANE
School: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, LOS ANGELES (0031) Degree: PHD
Date: 1992 pp: 734
Advisor: HUTCHINSON, WILLIAM
Source: DAI-A 53/06, p. 1718, Dec 1992
Subject: MUSIC (0413); PHILOSOPHY (0422); AMERICAN STUDIES (0323)
Abstract: John Cage's Europeras 1 & 2 is a chance-determined,
musico-dramatic stage collage in which each of its elements, drawn
largely from Europe's operatic past, is given independence from the
others, resulting in a work marked by a total absence of intended
musical or dramatic interrelationships. Through its pervasive chance
design, it is also a complex expression of Cage's aesthetic of
nonintention, born of his early involvement with Zen Buddhist thought
and later colored by the philosophical ideas of such 20th-century
figures as R. Buckminster Fuller and Marshall McLuhan. As a poetic
embodiment of Synergy, the work may be viewed within a context of
hybrid artforms characterized by experimental juxtaposition--operaic
in essence, but transformed, like the earlier Happening to which it
relates, through the influences of collage. The intention behind
Cage's nonintention may thus be said to encourage the senses toward a
radical reappraisal of the nature of interrelationships between self,
world, and representations.
The method utilized, in keeping with the field of Systematic
Musicology, is interdisciplinary, with particular reliance upon
aesthetics, philosophy, sociology, and psychology. Through
comparative and interpretive means, it explores how the philosophical
informs the compositional. It also seeks to answer such questions as:
What are the integrated and integrating effects of chance-coordinated
art? Such questions are key, for Europeras 1 & 2 can only be viewed
as a cluster of unanticipated behaviors between and among what are
only relativistically secure symbolic structures. Europeras 1 & 2
emerges as an exemplary model of reconstructive Postmodernist
practice, reflecting a newly-emerging paradigm with an ecological
perspective on art. This gives rise to a new philosophical framework
and aesthetic which, through such imperatives as social
responsibility and ecological attunement, seeks to reconnect the
artistic with the social.
Order No: AAC 1350603 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: THE PARADOX OF JOHN CAGE
Author: GONZALEZ, JUAN CARLOS
School: FLORIDA ATLANTIC UNIVERSITY (0119) Degree: MA Date: 1992
pp: 92
Advisor: KEATON, KENNETH
Source: MAI 31/02, p. 504, Summer 1993
Subject: MUSIC (0413); THEATER (0465)
Abstract: It has been said that John Cage has had a greater impact
on world music than any other American composer in the 20th Century.
His work spans the media of visual art, dance, literature, and most
relevant to this study, theater. What seemed to be a troubled
personal state in his life led him to Eastern philosophies. The Zen
philosophy of non-intention led to the creation of music that
expressed no emotion and allowed the audience to do its own
listening. Moreover, this indeterminacy allowed music to be action.
This theatrical approach influenced a generation of artists that
became the heart of the anti-art movement. This movement included
happenings, multi-media works, and Fluxus. Many of these events were
not only a revolt against conventional art, but also the state of
political and social thought. In attempting to say nothing in his
works, Cage communicated his manifesto quite well.
Order No: AAC 9235744 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: SOUL MAKING WOMEN: A PHILOSOPHICAL EXPLORATION OF IMAGINAL
FEMINISMS (FEMINISM)
Author: HIRSCHBOECK, PAULA
School: THE UNION INSTITUTE (1033) Degree: PHD Date: 1992
pp: 254
Advisor: CRUNKLETON, MARTHA
Source: DAI-A 53/07, p. 2403, Jan 1993
Subject: PHILOSOPHY (0422); WOMEN'S STUDIES (0453); RELIGION,
GENERAL (0318)
Abstract: This dissertation investigates the theory that imagination
creates reality and the possibility that women's imaginations, in
particular, are changing human experiences of the self, the world and
the divine. The investigation is based upon an understanding of the
soul as the image making process and 'ensouling' as an imaginal way
of being embodied in the world. I begin by tracing this
non-substantialist view of the soul in the West from Pre-Socratic
philosophy, through medieval mysticism and Renaissance hermeticism,
to contemporary Jungian and archetypal psychology. As supports for an
imaginal non-dual way of constituting the self, the world and the
divine, I discuss such diverse thinkers as Meister Eckhart, the
medieval Beguines, Martin Heidegger, and James Hillman.
I then explore feminism's contribution to the transformation of
human consciousness in the light of these understandings of soul and
ensouling. Various aspects of feminist thought and praxis are
discussed as supports for a theory of 'imaginal feminisms.' I use
this phrase to indicate the congruence between ensouling as a
non-dual way of seeing and feminist theories which question
perceptions of difference between self and other, male and female,
spirit and matter. Specific feminists, such as Luce Irigaray, Audre
Lorde, Mary Daly, Alice Walker and Suzanne Lacy, are discussed in
order to indicate imaginal feminist ways of seeing.
I conclude with a discussion of imaginal feminisms as a soul
making praxis which could offer ways to re-vision or re-ensoul the
world. Three soul making practices are identified: dissolution,
emptying and recreation. First, images imprinted upon consciousness
which are considered limiting or unhealthy by the soul maker are
dissolved. Second the soul maker opens to the possibility of an
empty, unconditioned state of consciousness. Third, images arising
out of the emptying phase are attended to and worked with. This soul
making praxis is based on theories and techniques from archetypal
psychology, Tibetan and Zen Buddhist meditative practices, and
exercises I developed. I propose that images arising from such soul
making practices can contribute to humanity's transformation of
itself and the world. Imaginal feminisms may be able to ensoul the
world anew, creating a reality of greater justice and compassion.
Order No: AAC 9222118 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: ZEN MEDITATION, SELF-AWARENESS, AND AUTONOMY
Author: WU, PEI-LI
School: STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK AT BUFFALO (0656)
Degree: PHD Date: 1992 pp: 139
Source: DAI-B 53/06, p. 3174, Dec 1992
Subject: PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL (0622); RELIGION, GENERAL (0318)
Abstract: This is a survey of Zen meditator's autonomy and
self-consciousness. In this study, there are four dependent
variables: autonomy, private self-consciousness, public
self-consciousness, and social anxiety. They were predicted by two
independent variables: the length of Zen meditation practice and the
depth of meditation experience.
It was hypothesized that there were positive relationships
between the practice of Zen meditation and the degree of autonomy and
private self-consciousness, but a negative relationship with public
self-consciousness and social anxiety.
The length of meditation practice was measured by three
indicators (ZENM, ZENF, and ZENL), scored on the Background and
Demographics Questionnaires. The depth of meditation experience was
measured by three indicators (Cognition, Focus, and Self-impression),
scored on 11 subscales of the Profile of Trance, Imaging, and
Meditation Experience (TIME). The degree of autonomy was measured by
four subscales of the Worthington Autonomy Scale (WAS, Family
Loyalty, Value, Emotional, and Behavioral Autonomy). The degree of
private self-consciousness, the degree of public self-consciousness,
and social anxiety were measured by three subscales of the
Self-Consciousness Scales (SCS).
To understand the relationships between independent variables and
dependent variables, all collected data were analyzed by the computer
program LISREL 7 (Joreskog, 1989) to estimate the hypothetical model
of this study.
A total of 55 subjects participated in the survey. The sample of
this study consists of 55 Zen meditators, 41 male and 14 female. The
average age for subjects was 40.945 years. The subject pool came from
eleven Zen centers in the United States.
The results of this study found that the length of meditation
practice has its greatest influence on public self-consciousness
($/gamma/sb[31]$ = $-$.878), and the depth of meditation experience
has its greatest influence on private self-consciousness
($/gamma/sb[22]$ =.530). The hypothetical model of this study also
found to fit the data reasonably ($/chi/sbsp[53][2]$ = 73.5, the
ratio of df over $/chi/sp2$ is greater than.5). However, in order to
avoid the anomalies due to small sample size, a large sample size is
suggested for the future research.
Order No: AAC 9312642 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: A QUESTIONNAIRE STUDY COMPARING MYSTICAL EXPERIENCE AMONG ZEN, YOGA, CHRISTIAN, AND NON-SPIRITUAL GROUPS
Author: HERRON, WILLIAM JOSEPH
School: CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF INTEGRAL STUDIES (0392)
Degree: PHD Date: 1992 pp: 163
Source: DAI-B 54/04, p. 2179, Oct 1993
Subject: PSYCHOLOGY, GENERAL (0621); RELIGION, GENERAL (0318)
Abstract: This dissertation was a questionnaire study which compared
four groups as to their scores on a questionnaire which measured
mystical experience. The four groups included three groups of
spiritual practitioners in the traditions of Yoga, Zen, and
Christianity, and one group of persons with no spiritual affiliation
or interest.
The groups, each of 24 persons, 12 male and 12 female, were
matched for age, education, and gender. The questionnaire itself was
based on the work of W. T. Stace, Ralph Hood, Jr., Alister Hardy, and
Andrew Greeley. 32 of the 80 questions were taken directly from
Hood's M scale, which itself was made up of eight subscales based on
theoretical criteria which Stace saw as defining the mystical
experience. An additional 32 questions were derived by the researcher
from the categories of Mystical Experience in the work of Alister
Hardy, The Spiritual Nature of Man, and the remaining 16 questions
from the work of Andrew Greeley. The Greeley questions focused on the
area of the paranormal, and a possible distinction between the
mystical and the paranormal was explored. The research also examined
the differences between the questions taken from Hood, Hardy, and
Greeley.
The combined mean score of the three spiritual groups was
significantly higher than the mean for the non-spiritual persons on
the total questionnaire. In addition, the Yoga group scored
significantly higher than the other spiritual groups. Also, on six of
the eight subscales the combined mean scores of the spiritual groups
was significantly higher than that of the non-spiritual persons. The
Yoga group was significantly higher than each of the other groups on
the Ego Quality, Unifying Quality, and Inner Subjectivity subscales.
The Zen group scored unexpectedly low on the total questionnaire as
well as on the Noetic Subscale. Subjects scoring high on the Hood M
scale also tended to score high on the Hardy and Greeley items, and a
hypothesized distinction between scores on the mystic and paranormal
items was not substantiated.
Order No: AAC 9135171 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: THE POETICS OF ATTENTION AS AN EMERGING RELIGIOUS STANCE IN RECENT AMERICAN POETRY
Author: PARR, CHRISTOPHER P.
School: BOSTON UNIVERSITY (0017) Degree: PHD Date: 1992 pp: 386
Advisor: OLSON, ALAN M.
Source: DAI-A 52/07, p. 2586, Jan 1992
Subject: RELIGION, GENERAL (0318); LITERATURE, MODERN (0298);
LITERATURE, AMERICAN (0591)
Abstract: The enactment of attention in the work of certain postwar
American poets is more than a poetic strategy--it entails a
revisioning of experience itself. This dissertation explores the
poetry of attention along two lines. It examines the poets' attention
to whatever is at hand as a significant 'stance towards reality.'
Further, it asserts that this stance of attention locates meaning and
value in ways distinct from most Western world-views, in that it
implies a nondualistic understanding of reality.
The dissertation begins with an Overture, a reading of one poem
by James Schuyler demonstrating how attention functions as a stance
towards reality. Part I consists of four chapters that relate the
poetics of attention to the field of Religion and Literature and
define its key terms. Chapter One proposes the consideration of
stances as a method to reenergize the study of Religion and
Literature. Chapter Two identifies the poets of attention, and their
poetry's critique of dualistic poetic theories and worldviews.
Chapters Three and Four define the terms in 'stance of attention,'
and survey the role attention is accorded in the world's religions,
notably Buddhism.
Part II examines key aspects of attention in the writing of three
poets: Gary Snyder, Robert Creeley, and Frank O'Hara. Chapter Five
considers Snyder's youth in the American West, his formal training in
Zen Buddhism, and his understanding of the Buddhist view of sunyata
(emptiness) as grounds for a nondual experience of existence, as
sources for his acute attention. In Chapter Six the more affirmative
aspects of his outlook are explored through his explicitly religious
insight into the metaphysics of empty as-it-isness (tathata), and
interrelatedness, as informed by Zen and Kegon Buddhism, as well as
Native American and ecological sources. The role of attention in the
more secular but implicitly nondualistic poetry of Creeley and O'Hara
is the subject of Chapter Seven, showing how Creeley's work manifests
attention in terms analogous to empty as-it-isness, and O'Hara's in
terms of interrelatedness.
The Coda projects certain possibilities for exploring further the
poetic and religious stances emerging in the poetics of attention.
Order No: AAC 9300082 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: ARCHING BACKWARD, AND, A CROSS-CULTURAL STUDY OF MYSTICISM AS THE CONTEXT FOR A PHENOMENOLOGICAL STUDY: ARCHING
BACKWARD
Author: ADLER, JANET
School: THE UNION INSTITUTE (1033) Degree: PHD Date: 1992
pp: 395
Source: DAI-A 53/09, p. 3246, Mar 1993
Subject: RELIGION, GENERAL (0318)
Abstract: Adler's work places a contemporary and eclectic initiation
experience in the context of a cross-cultural study of mystical
traditions. The manuscript is divided into two parts:
phenomenological and contextual studies.
Arching Backward: A Translation is the first half of the
dissertation, a narrative gleaned from Bracha Woolf's journal
recordings. In mid-life, with no knowledge of or interest in
spiritual matters, she experienced the spontaneous eruption of the
kundalini. In the following four and a half years, hundreds of
visions occurred, reflecting classic initiation themes and archetypal
images rooted in several mystical traditions. An uncanny and organic
ordering of sensation and image developed as the process unfolded.
The narrative is comprised of a weave of prose and poetry. The
poetry is the experience of the visions translated into words. The
prose reflects her questions, the impact of this energy on her body,
and makes reference to the profound changes that were occurring in
her perceptual experiences. Reference to her immediate situation
regarding family and friends grounds the material.
The second half of the dissertation, A Cross-Cultural Study of
Mysticism as the Context for a Phenomenological Study: Arching
Backward is a review of the literature of Jewish, Christian, Zen
Buddhist, and Shamanic mystical traditions, especially as they
reflect the phenomenon of initiation. The Hindu tradition is included
through the work of three specific mystics because of their
perspectives and philosophies concerning the present spiritual
crisis.
The contextual study explores the similarities between the
process, content, and consequences of Bracha's journey and classic
initiatory journeys in the above named traditions, and the
differences, related to the absence of a teacher and spiritual
community. The conclusion suggests that Bracha's initiation supports
a paradigm shift which asserts that mysticism is no longer bound by
religious structure.
Order No: AAC 9223323 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: THE POTENTIAL CONTRIBUTION OF KOREAN BUDDHISM: UPDATING POJO CHINUL THROUGH MUTUAL TRANSFORMATION WITH ALFRED NORTH WHITEHEAD (WHITEHEAD ALFRED NORTH)
Author: KANG, SUNGDO
School: THE CLAREMONT GRADUATE SCHOOL (0047) Degree: PHD
Date: 1992 pp: 239
Source: DAI-A 53/06, p. 1968, Dec 1992
Subject: RELIGION, PHILOSOPHY OF (0322); THEOLOGY (0469)
Abstract: For a thousand years, Korean Buddhism has maintained a
remarkable unity in marked contrast with the Buddhism of China and
Japan. The desire for such harmonious unity is a characteristic of
Korean culture, and a succession of leading Buddhists tried to
achieve it. But the one who succeeded and who placed his stamp on all
that followed was Pojo Chinul (1158-1210). This attainment was, of
course, a 'political' one for a unified kingdom. But it required
original thought as well. A coherent interpretation of Buddhism, by
which Pojo could unify the fractious schools and traditions,
especially HuaYen and Zen, was a major achievement.
Pojo accomplished this unification by arguing against Zen that
conceptual analysis can aid a bodhisattva in the attainment of
enlightenment and against HuaYen that it must always be viewed as
skillful means (Sanskrit upaya). This entailed a reformation and a
simplification of HuaYen's complex conceptual structures. He shifted
the analysis of 'that which is real' from dependent co-arising
(Chinese yuanchi lun) to intrinsic origination (Korean sungki ron) so
as to emphasize (momentary) subjectivity.
Pojo replaced the complex HuaYen account of fifty-two stages of
enlightenment with five alternative paths geared to the diverse
capabilities of people. For him, all diverse ways lead people to the
same goal. He affirmed the sudden enlightenment (of Zen) but
encouraged continual cultivation (of HuaYen) thereafter.
Despite his great success, there are certain limitations of
Pojo's thought for contemporary people influenced by the West.
Our way of developing Pojo's thought is through engagement with
that of Alfred North Whitehead. Whitehead has a rigorously developed
conceptuality and cosmology that have a congeniality with Buddhism in
general and with Pojo's thought in particular. Some of the lacks of
precision in Pojo's analysis can be renewed by emphasizing
Whitehead's formulations, and a broad cosmological context can be
provided.
But there is a question how far one can go in using Whitehead's
conceptuality without distorting Pojo's Buddhist originality. On
closer examination it turns out that Whitehead's formulations are
more amenable to Buddhist interpretation than his Western followers
have recognized. It is possible to develop Whitehead's thought in a
Buddhist way while developing Pojo's thought in a Whiteheadian way.
(Abstract shortened with permission of author.)
Order No: AAC 9232120 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: ON THE VIRTUE OF FILIAL PIETY IN THE 'SUMMA THEOLOGIAE' OF THOMAS AQUINAS: AN ANALYSIS AND COMPARATIVE COMMENTARY (THOMAS AQUINAS SAINT, CONFUCIANISM, ZEN BUDDHISM, BUDDHISM)
Author: MIKKELSON, DOUGLAS KENT
School: COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY (0054) Degree: PHD Date: 1992
pp: 291
Source: DAI-A 53/06, p. 1968, Dec 1992
Subject: RELIGION, PHILOSOPHY OF (0322)
Abstract: My intent is to contribute to an articulation of the
virtue of filial piety in Aquinas's thought via a discussion centered
on an analysis of, and comparative commentary on, question 101,
'pietas,' of the secunda secundae of the Summa. The comparative
commentary focuses on the Western sources Aquinas relies upon in the
development of question 101, and passages from East Asian sources
(predominantly classical Chinese Confucianism and Dogen's Zen
Buddhism) addressing the subject of filial piety. The comparative
methodology employed in this dissertation takes its inspiration from
Lee Yearley's work, Mencius and Aquinas: Theories of Virtue and
Conceptions of Courage. Via the employment of focal and secondary
terms, it becomes apparent that we can see Aquinas's virtue of pietas
as adequately expressed by the focal term 'filial piety.' This
discovery fuels the comparative work in the dissertation, and places
an aspect of Aquinas's thinking in an advantageous place for other
possible comparative discussions with figures East and West.
Order No: NOT AVAILABLE FROM UMI ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: SEARCH FOR SERENITY IN NEW AGE THINKING: THEOLOGICAL DISPUTE WITH K. WILBER AND H. M. ENOMIYA-LASSALLE, SJ (WILBER KEN, ENOMIYA LASSALLE HUGO MAKIBI) [HEILSSUCHE IM 'NEW AGE': THEOLOGISCHE AUSEINANDERSETZUNG MIT K. WILBER UND H. M. ENOMIYA-LASSALLE SJ]
Author: GOTZ, CLEMENS
School: PONTIFICIA UNIVERSITAS GREGORIANA (VATICAN) (1049)
Degree: THD Date: 1992 pp: 354
Source: DAI-C 54/02, p. 387, Summer 1993
Language: GERMAN
Subject: THEOLOGY (0469)
Abstract: Die umfassende Bedrohung der Lebensgrundlagen ruckte in
den spaten 70er und in den 80er Jahren in den Vordergrund der
gesellschaftlichen Wahrnehmung: individuelle Entwurzelung, soziale
Destabilisierung, globale Selbstzerstorung. Das Scheitern der
bisherigen zivilisationspragenden Konzepte wurde offensichtlich. Neue
Orientierung wird fur alle Lebensbereiche gesucht. Alternative
Modelle werden haufig mit religiosen Heilserwartungen verknupft.--Die
'neue Religiositat' entwickelt sich an den christlichen Kirchen
vorbei. Zur traditionellen Religion des Christentums wird eine
'alternative Spiritualitat' gesucht, die im deutschsprachigen Raum
haufig unter dem Dachbegriff New Age zusammengefasst wird.
Aus dieser Situation ergibt sich die Fragestellung der
Doktorthese: Was hat es mit New Age auf sich? Welche Heilsverheissung
und welche Weltsicht verbirgt sich hinter dem haufig wiederkehrenden
Programmwort des 'Neuen Bewusstseins'?--Ist jedoch die
'New-Age-Bewegung' nur das sichtbare Signal einer weit verbreiteten
Heilssehnsucht, so stellt ihr Erfolg an den christlichen Glauben die
Frage: Was suchen die Menschen unserer Zeit? Worin besteht ihre Not,
wo bedurfen sie des Heils? Welche Wege weist der christliche Glaube
den Heilsuchenden der Gegenwart? Dieser Fragestellung wird in drei
Kapiteln nachgegangen: Im ersten Kapitel wird die Uneinheitlichkeit
der New-Age-Bewegung anhand der Literatur aus New Age gezeigt und der
Forschungsstand uber New Age aus der Sekundarliteratur erarbeitet. Im
zweiten Kapitel wird dessen Bedeutung aus dem Werk zweier Autoren
erhoben: Ken Wilber ($/sp/*$1949) und Hugo Makibi Enomiya-Lassalle SJ
(1898-1990). Ihr umfangreiches Werk wird unter systematischen
Gesichtspunkten geordnet dargestellt und auf weltanschauliche
Implikationen hin untersucht. Die Untersuchung betritt bei dieser
Aufgabe Neuland, da nicht nur beide Autoren theologisch erstmalig
erschlossen werden, sondern uberhaupt detaillierte Darstellung und
Kritik von New-Age-Autoren aus theologischer Sicht bisher kaum zu
finden sind.--Wilbert gilt als fuhrender Systematiker des New Age und
empfiehlt sich von daher fur eine Auseinandersetzung.
Enomiya-Lassalle ist--weithin unbeachtet von der theologischen
Fachwelt, die ihn als Vermittler der Zen-Meditation kennt--als Autor
zum 'Neuen Bewusstsein' hervorgetreten. Das dritte Kapitel steht
unter der Frage: Welche Wege weist der christliche Glaube den
solcherart Suchenden? Das Gesprach mit der Gegenwart hat besonders
die Fundamentaltheologie zu pflegen; von ihr werden deshalb auch die
entsprechenden Antworten erwartet. Die in den letzten Jahren
erschienenen Gesamtdarstellungen der Fundamentaltheologie im
deutschsprachigen Raum werden auf die oben geannten Stichworte hin
untersucht. Der in der vorliegenden Arbeit angelegte Frageraster
verlauft quer zu den ublichen fundamentaltheologischen
Themenstellungen. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
Order No: AAC 9113307 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: MECHANICS OF SUPERCONDUCTING MAGNETIC BEARINGS
Author: CHANG, PEI-ZEN
School: CORNELL UNIVERSITY (0058) Degree: PHD Date: 1991
pp: 181
Source: DAI-B 51/12, p. 5963, Jun 1991
Subject: APPLIED MECHANICS (0346)
Abstract: In this dissertation, the static and dynamic
characteristics of passive superconducting magnetic bearings using
high-temperature Type-II superconducting ceramics are studied.
Emphasis is on the magnetic-force interactions between permanent
magnets and bulk high-temperature Type-II superconducting ceramics in
the mixed state. The results derived from this study can be applied
to electromechanical devices using high-temperature superconductors
as force-generating or vibration-eliminating elements.
Levitation forces and lateral forces in relation to the gaps in
superconducting bearings were measured using a beam-and-camera
system. Dynamic magnetic stiffness derived from vibration tests were
compared to static magnetic stiffness. The relaxation of magnetic
forces as a function of time was measured as well. The behavior of
levitation forces at temperatures form 4.2 K to 77 K were studied. A
rotor equipped with two superconducting bearings was fabricated and
was spun up to 120,000 RPM. The drag torques acting on the rotor were
measured at bot atmospherical pressure and at a partial vacuum of a
few mm Hg.
Many high-temperature superconductors of different compositions
of fabricated through different processing techniques were
investigated by measuring the magnetic force-gap relationships. The
data indicated that YBa$/sb2$Cu$/sb3$O$/sb7$ specimens made of
melt-quench process produced the largest magnetic forces obtained in
the laboratory so far.
Models predicting the magnetic forces between superconductors and
externally applied magnetic fields were studied. A numerical scheme
based on the magnetization model was developed. The calculated
levitation force-gap relationships showed a reasonable agreement with
experimental results.
Order No: AAC 9131479 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: IDENTIFICATION OF KEY GENES IN EARLY DEVELOPMENT IN SILK MOTH (HYALOPHORA CECROPIA)
Author: WATSON, CORNELIUS ADALGO
School: WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY (0255) Degree: PHD Date: 1991
pp: 152
Source: DAI-B 52/07, p. 3393, Jan 1992
Subject: BIOLOGY, CELL (0379); BIOLOGY, MOLECULAR (0307)
Abstract: Two approaches have been used to identify genes involved
in early development of the silk moth Hyalophora cecropia.
Differential screening was used to select for maternal mRNA localized
in the cortex of the egg. In situ hybridization using radioactive
polyuridylic acid has revealed that a considerable amount of
poly(A)$/sp+$ mRNA is present in this area. Differential screening of
the library using cDNA made against mRNAs from the yolky cytoplasm
(soluble fraction) and the cortical cytoplasm (Triton X-100 insoluble
fraction) detected several clones hybridizing only to probes from the
insoluble fraction. An Ec4b probe was found to bind to mRNAs in the
nurse cell cytoplasm, the cortex of the oocyte, and follicle cells.
Hybridization of the insert from Ec4b to detergent insoluble
(cortical) RNA dot blots further supported the in situ data that the
mRNA corresponding to Ec4b was enriched in the cortical fraction.
Analyses of the nucleotide and putative amino acid sequences of the
3$/sp/prime$ end revealed 75% similarity to a lepidopteran chorion
class B gene and 58% similarity to vertebrate cytokeratins. The
filter and in situ hybridization data point to possible association
of specific messenger RNAs with the cortical cytoskeleton of silk
moth oocytes. The presence of glycine-x-glycine repeats is
characteristic of fibrous proteins which represent structural
components necessary during cellularization of the blastoderm embryo.
A second approach to identifying developmental genes utilized the
polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify and isolate specific
homeobox sequences from the genomic DNA of H. cecropia. The protein
sequence information from the Drosophila melanogaster
homeobox-containing genes Zerknullt (zen) was used to construct
degenerate primers for PCR. PCR product of predicted size was
obtained using genomic DNA as template in the PCR. Conceptual
translation shows that the region of genomic DNA extended by the PCR
encodes 22 amino acids, which appear to be a part of an open reading
frame. Southern analysis using one of the clones (HCHOM10) confirms
its representation in the H. cecropia genomic pool. Northern and dot
blot analysis using egg mRNA indicate that the gene containing this
homeobox may not be transcribed during oogenesis, but probably during
the pregastrulation period. (Abstract shortened with permission of
author.)
Order No: AAC 9207142 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: THE MECHANISM OF ERMC MRNA DEGRADATION IN BACILLUS SUBTILIS
Author: ZEN, KUO HUEI
School: CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK (0046) Degree: PHD
Date: 1991 pp: 114
Advisor: BECHHOFER, DAVID H.
Source: DAI-B 52/09, p. 4604, Mar 1992
Subject: BIOLOGY, MOLECULAR (0307)
Abstract: The ermC gene encodes an rRNA methyltransferase and
confers erythromycin resistance on the host by reducing the affinity
of ribosome for erythromycin. A previous study had shown that ermC
mRNA is stabilized in the presence of erythromycin, an inducer of
ermC gene expression. The induced stability of ermC mRNA requires a
ribosome stalled in the ermC leader peptide sequence. Our working
hypothesis was that the 5$/sp/prime$ end of ermC mRNA is the target
of decay and ribosome stalling in the leader peptide sequence
protects ermC mRNA from ribonucleolytic decay in the
5$/sp/prime$-to-3$/sp/prime$ direction.
In order to test this hypothesis, several insertion mutations of
the ermC leader region were constructed and used to examine how
ribosome stalling affects ermC mRNA stability. Using constructs in
which the ribosome stall site was internal rather than at the
5$/sp/prime$ end of the message, it was shown that ribosome stalling
provides stability to sequences downstream but not upstream of the
ribosome stall site. In a construct that contained a ribosome stall
site at the 5$/sp/prime$ end, in addition to an internal ribosome
stall site, the full-length RNA was stabilized in the presence of
erythromycin. These results strongly suggest that ermC mRNA is
degraded either by a 5$/sp/prime$-to-3$/sp/prime$ exoribonuclease or
by an endoribonuclease that binds to 5$/sp/prime$ end and make
endoribonucleolytic cleavages as it progresses in the
5$/sp/prime$-to-3$/sp/prime$ direction, and that a stalled ribosome
at the 5$/sp/prime$ end protects against this type of decay.
To provide biochemical evidence for this conclusion, B. subtilis
extracts were prepared, and RNase substrates were synthesized that
could be used to identify a 5$/sp/prime$ end-requiring RNase activity
in B. subtilis extracts. First, it was shown that ermC mRNA
synthesized by in vitro transcription is degraded in B. subtilis
extracts. Second, an RNA-DNA joint molecule was synthesized that
contained an RNA moiety in its 5$/sp/prime$ and a ssDNA moiety in its
3$/sp/prime$ region. This joint molecule is degraded to a ssDNA
molecule under the condition that degradation of DNA was inhibited,
indicating that the RNA moiety of the joint molecule is degraded
either by a 5$/sp/prime$-to-3$/sp/prime$ exoribonclease or by an
endoribonuclease activity in B. subtilis extracts. To distinguish
between these two possibilities, a circular RNA molecule was
constructed. This circular RNA was not degraded in B. subtilis
extracts although the linear RNA containing the same sequence as the
circular RNA was degraded. Taken together, these results suggest the
existence of a 5$/sp/prime$-to-3$/sp/prime$ exoribonuclease in B.
subtilis.
Order No: AAC MM65220 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: ZEN: AN OBJECT-ORIENTED HARDWARE DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE
Author: STEVENS-GUILLE, MAX EDWARD PETER
School: UNIVERSITY OF GUELPH (CANADA) (0081) Degree: MSC
Date: 1991 pp: 147
Advisor: MAJITHIA, J. C.
Source: MAI 30/04, p. 1389, Winter 1992
Subject: COMPUTER SCIENCE (0984)
ISBN: 0-315-65220-9
Abstract: Historically, as circuit densities have increased two-fold
per year, tools and techniques for their construction have not kept
pace. The Eighties have witnessed a tremendous growth in silicon
compilation techniques: specifically in the use of a high-level
behavioral description for the synthesis of circuits. The language
vehicles for describing behavior bear more than a passing resemblance
to programming languages.
In fact, the similarity between the process of silicon
compilation and software development transcends mere syntax. The
fundamental task of both processes is to describe the behavior of a
system over time. There is a strong parallel in the means in which
they approach this task.
As object-oriented techniques are of preeminent interest in
software, this paradigm should be examined for its suitability to the
hardware domain. The essence of the object-oriented paradigm is that
of placing an abstract structure on top of an existing modular
programming system. Objects encapsulate data with the operations that
act upon the data. Objects can be arranged in an hierarchy in which
they inherit attributes from their parents. Collectively, these
mechanisms form a powerful structuring facility that aids in program
composition, debugging, and maintenance.
To date, this paradigm has not been fully applied to hardware
description languages (the language component of a silicon compiler).
This thesis describes a hardware description language, Zen, that
implements the object-oriented paradigm in full.
Order No: AAC 9206640 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: TIME-VARYING LIQUIDITY PREFERENCE AND THE TERM STRUCTURE OF INTEREST RATES
Author: ZEN, DAVID HEN-MING
School: UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO AT BOULDER (0051) Degree: PHD
Date: 1991 pp: 159
Advisor: MOTT, TRACY L.
Source: DAI-A 52/09, p. 3371, Mar 1992
Subject: ECONOMICS, GENERAL (0501)
Abstract: The term structure of interest rates has been extensively
studied by economists for more than five decades. Three competing
theories have attracted the widest attention: the expectations
theory, the liquidity preference theory, and the segmented markets
theory.
Although it is usual to emphasize the antagonism that exists
between the conclusions obtained by these three theories, we note
that each of the three theories seeks an explanation for the term
structure in the forces of risk and uncertainty. Since their
differences lie in their conclusions and not in the reasoning by
which these conclusions are obtained, the insights gained by each of
these theories may be accomodated within a more general theory of the
term structure which predicts a time-varying term premium, one whose
movements are governed by cyclical changes in risk and risk aversion.
However, such a theory would be empty if it does not also furnish an
explanation for how changes in risk and uncertainty become translated
into time-varying liquidity preference. Much of the current
literature treats the term structure as a self-contained
autoregressive process. When the problem of the term structure
becomes one of explaining time-varying term premia, it becomes more
important to recognize the fact that, at any given instant in time,
the term structure must reflect underlying economic conditions.
This paper uses the ARCH-M model as developed by Engle, Lilien
and Robins (1987) to explore one possible connection between the
economy and the term structure. The ARCH-M model allows the degree of
uncertainty to be reflected in asset returns. This feature makes the
ARCH-M model especially useful for attacking problems involving
speculative prices. The design of the ARCH-M model also allows us to
distinguish between factors which act directly on liquidity
preference by creating risk aversion and those which have an indirect
effect through their ability to change the perceived riskiness of the
investment environment in which financial decisions are made.
It is argued here that the liquidity premium contained in the
long-term rate of interest should be inversely related to the
profitability of business fixed investment. A reciprocal argument
contends that liquidity preference should be directly related to the
burden of accumulated debt. Our application of the ARCH-M model
enables us to report evidence to support both sides of our reciprocal
argument. Furthermore, profitability and debt accumulation remain
capable of explaining changes in liquidity preference even when
confronted with the most common alternative explanations.
Order No: AAC MM67723 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: ALAN WATTS' THEOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
Author: HINZ, WILLIAM
School: MCGILL UNIVERSITY (CANADA) (0781) Degree: MA Date: 1991
pp: 150
Source: MAI 31/01, p. 62, Spring 1993
Subject: EDUCATION, RELIGIOUS (0527); EDUCATION, PHILOSOPHY OF
(0998); RELIGION, PHILOSOPHY OF (0322)
ISBN: 0-315-67723-6
Abstract: To those individuals who felt alienated and disillusioned
by traditional Western forms of religion, Alan Watts offered a
different way of looking at the world and a new understanding of what
it means to be religious. Borrowing heavily from Taoism, Zen
Buddhism, Vendanta Hinduism and other Eastern traditions, Watts
argues that our widely accepted notion of a person as an active,
willing agent existing as a lonely island of consciousness is an
illusion rooted in social and linguistic conventions.
In place of the typical Western image of God as an external
personal being governing the universe by means of his omnipotent will
and omniscient intellect, Watts argues in favour of the Eastern image
of God as the mysterious depth and ground of all being.
If education is concerned with the task of enabling a person to
grow and mature as a full human being and religion is concerned with
fostering the uniquely human capacity to be fully present and open to
the mystery and wonder of existence, then it follows that being
educated and becoming religious are part of the same process. For
Watts, religious education is characterized not according to a
specific content but rather an underlying set of values which promote
an awareness of humanity's interrelationship and interdependence with
the rest of the universe.
Order No: AAC 9134822 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: TEST ANXIETY AND TEST PERFORMANCE UNDER COMPUTERIZED ADAPTIVE TESTING METHODS
Author: POWELL, ZEN-HSIU EMILY
School: INDIANA UNIVERSITY (0093) Degree: PHD Date: 1991
pp: 179
Source: DAI-A 52/07, p. 2518, Jan 1992
Subject: EDUCATION, TESTS AND MEASUREMENTS (0288); EDUCATION,
TECHNOLOGY (0710); EDUCATION, CURRICULUM AND INSTRUCTION
(0727)
Abstract: Research on computerized adaptive testing (CAT) has shown
its potential to estimate student achievement accurately and
efficiently. However, there is a paucity of research on the
psychological impacts of CAT and how it may, consequently, affect
test performance. Three kinds of computerized adaptive testing
procedures were examined, in which items were selected in one of
three ways: (a) to match students' estimated achievement levels
(matched-selection), (b) from the item pool at random
(random-selection), and (c) according to student choice of item
difficulty levels (self-selection).
Twenty-four graduate students were randomly assigned to one of
six possible testing orders formed by the three adaptive tests while
blocking on native and nonnative speakers. While at a computer,
students first received a description of adaptive testing methods,
followed by a 20-item pre-test anxiety measure. The three adaptive
tests were then given in the assigned random order. Immediately after
each adaptive test, students responded to a 10-item in-test anxiety
scale. Finally, they ranked their preferences and evaluated their
performance on each of the three tests. Written student comments and
questions regarding the adaptive testing methods were also solicited.
No statistically significant differences were found among mean
student achievement scores, nor among in-test anxiety means, under
the three adaptive testing methods. Students who reported higher
pre-test anxiety were found to score significantly higher in the
matched-selection test. Students who preferred the matched-selection
and self-selection tests the most tended to be significantly less
anxious during those tests. However, instead of students' actual test
performance, it was their perception of how well they did that was
significantly correlated with their preference rankings for the three
tests. Though not central to this study, the matched-selection tests
required significantly fewer items to reach mastery decisions than
did the random-selection tests.
Order No: AAC 9222669 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: DYNAMIC ANALYSIS AND SYNTHESIS OF GEARED ROBOTIC MECHANISMS (ROBOTS)
Author: CHEN, DAR-ZEN
School: UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND COLLEGE PARK (0117) Degree: PHD
Date: 1991 pp: 172
Advisor: TSAI, LUNG-WEN
Source: DAI-B 53/04, p. 2019, Oct 1992
Subject: ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL (0548)
Abstract: The objective of this research is to develop a systematic
approach for the dynamic analysis of geared robotic mechanisms and to
establish systematic and rational methodologies for the determination
of gearing configuration and gear ratios.
First, systematic methodologies are developed for the formulation
of equations of motion and reaction forces analysis of geared robotic
mechanisms. The formulation of dynamic equations is based on the
concepts of equivalent open-loop chain and canonic graph
representation of such a mechanism. It is shown that the generalized
inertia forces can be formulated by separating the contribution due
to motion of major links and that due to the relative motion of
carried links with respect to major links. Then, generalized active
forces are formulated and combined with generalized inertia forces to
form the equations of motion. It is also shown that reaction force
analysis of such mechanisms can be efficiently carried out by a
link-by-link forward evaluation of carried links along its
transmission lines followed by a link-by-link backward evaluation of
major links along the equivalent open-loop chain.
Then, two methodologies are developed for the determination of
gearing configuration and gear ratios. The first methodology
considers the design from both kinematics and dynamics points of
view. It is shown that, through proper choice of gear ratios, certain
gear-coupled manipulators can be designed to possess kinematic
isotropy and maximum acceleration capacity (KIMAC) conditions at a
given reference point while individual-joint drive manipulators can
not be designed to possess such conditions. The train values of those
gear-coupled manipulators can be thought of as a product of two-stage
gear reductions. The second-stage gear reduction is used to define
the kinematic isotropic condition while the first-stage gear
reduction is used to optimize the acceleration capacity. The second
methodology considers the design from just the dynamics point of
view. It is shown that, to achieve a maximum acceleration capacity
(MAC), the mass inertia matrix of the input links reflected at the
joint-space should be equal to that of the major links. It is also
shown that the maximum acceleration capacity is independent of the
gearing configuration.
The methodologies developed in this research provide an efficient
and systematic approach for dynamic analysis and synthesis of a
general class of geared robotic mechanisms.
Order No: AAC 9212213 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: JAPANESE AND AMERICAN RHETORIC: A CONTRASTIVE STUDY
Author: CLAIBORNE, GAY DON
School: UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA (0206) Degree: PHD
Date: 1991 pp: 256
Advisor: OLSON, GARY A.
Source: DAI-A 52/11, p. 3901, May 1992
Subject: LANGUAGE, GENERAL (0679); LITERATURE, ENGLISH (0593);
WOMEN'S STUDIES (0453)
Abstract: The theory and practice of rhetoric have always been
important forces in the history of Western civilization. Contemporary
theorists generally endorse the social constructionist model of
rhetorical invention, that which views language as a medium of human
consciousness whereby meaning is both assigned and created.
The Japanese, however, have cultivated no such rhetorical
tradition. Rather, they have maintained a rigidly hierarchial,
authoritative social structure based on cultural values and
assumptions quite different from those of the West. Traditionally,
the Japanese have favored an implicit communication style, employing
rhetoric to facilitate social harmony. Cultural influences believed
to have thus shaped Japanese rhetoric include the homogeneity of the
population, the pervasiveness of Zen Buddhism as a system of their
holistic perceptions, and the relatively high aesthetic value they
assign to subtlety.
Compositional patterns in English and Japanese reflect the
diverse linguistic and other sociocultural features of Westerners and
the Japanese. The linearity of English contrasts with a circular
effect in Japanese rhetoric. The classical modes of appeal--ethos,
logos, and pathos--function in contrary ways for Westerners and the
Japanese.
The ideology of individualism predominates in Western rhetoric
whereas in Japan rhetoric serves to ensure close social relations. In
contemporary feminist theory, these attitudes demonstrate the
masculine and feminine principles, respectively, although to Western
feminists such 'communal consciousness' as the Japanese practice is a
limited view of the feminine principle.
Order No: AAC 9137164 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: ALL COME TO THIS: THE LIFE AND WORKS OF LEW WELCH IN THE CONTEXT OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY (WELCH LEW, BEAT POETRY, POETRY)
Author: SHAFFER, ERIC PAUL
School: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, DAVIS (0029) Degree: PHD
Date: 1991 pp: 161
Source: DAI-A 52/10, p. 3604, Apr 1992
Subject: LITERATURE, AMERICAN (0591); LITERATURE, ENGLISH (0593);
LITERATURE, MODERN (0298)
Abstract: This dissertation examines the works of Welch in the
context of contemporary events and thought. The poems are
contextualized in order to indicate the source and continuity of his
poetry and poetics. The purpose is to demonstrate the
inter-dependence of the poetry and the era.
Chapter 1 discusses the significance of Welch's arrival in
California at the beginning of the San Francisco Renaissance. His
rapid acclimation produced a sudden flowering of his poetry; yet he
remained unpublished, and his work was not widely read until 1965. By
explicating 'A Round of English,' a poem Welch dedicated to Whalen,
the chapter focuses on the importance of Philip Whalen to Welch's
development and career.
Chapter 2 examines Welch's poetics through a close reading of one
of Welch's major works, 'Wobbly Rock.' By examining his B.A. thesis
on her work, Gertrude Stein's extensive impact on the poetry and
thought of Welch and his association of Stein's theories of writing
with Zen Buddhism are discussed.
Chapter 3 explores Welch's appropriation of shamanism and its
significance to his poetic project. Having learned of shamanism with
fellow college students, Gary Snyder and Philip Whalen, Welch
incorporates many of the shaman's functions into his role as poet.
Certain features of shamanism help to explain parts of Hermit Poems.
Chapter 4 is an explication of The Song Mt. Tamalpais Sings.
Though Welch indicated that the book was unfinished, in many it is
the culmination of his work and contains his finest achievements. In
an extensive discussion of his two most significant works, 'The Song
Mt. Tamalpais Sings' and 'Song of the Turkey Buzzard,' the book is
approached as Welch's best fusion of elements of shamanism and Zen
Buddism in the creation of his 'new American religion.'
Chapter 5 examines Welch's apparent suicide from the perspective
of his poetics. A close reading of the final note provides some
indication that his suicide arose from more than his immediate
personal situation. His suicide appears, through his letters and
essays, to be part of the development of his poetry and poetics, more
a departure than a defeat.
Order No: AAC 9221781 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: 'THE LOTOS ROSE': T. S. ELIOT'S 'FOUR QUARTETS' AND EASTERN THOUGHT (ELIOT T. S. )
Author: LEE, KWANG-MI
School: THE UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE (0226) Degree: PHD
Date: 1991 pp: 196
Advisor: LEGGETT, B. J.
Source: DAI-A 53/04, p. 1166, Oct 1992
Subject: LITERATURE, ENGLISH (0593); RELIGION, PHILOSOPHY OF
(0322); LITERATURE, AMERICAN (0591)
Abstract: Along with the strong and continuing interest that the
contemporary world evinces in T. S. Eliot is a growing awareness of
the extent to which Eastern thought influenced his attitude and
thinking. Using a religio-philosophical approach, this study attempts
to assess the overall impact of Eastern thought on the aesthetics,
insights and wisdom implicit in Four Quartets. As a comprehensive
attempt to 'give equal weight' in Four Quartet studies to the East
Asian and Indic traditions, we will explore Eliot's poem in terms of
the world views of Hinduism, Buddhism (including Zen) and Taoism.
The work is composed of three chapters in addition to an
introduction and conclusion. Focusing on the existential problems of
suffering and impermanence, the first chapter examines the sources of
suffering as perceived by the poet, and his responses to the same
fundamental perception that moved Buddha. The next chapter deals with
the issues of detachment, askesis and love--with what Eliot believed
to be tentative solutions to the fragmented psyche of modern man and
to our disordered modern world. These issues, frequently presented in
Eliot's later poems and plays, are the underlying concerns of the
Oriental yoga of Buddhism, Hinduism and Taoism. In this chapter is
also explored Eliot's idea of the compatibility--synthesis--of divine
grace and human effort. The poet's conjectures on ontological issues
and on solutions to the problem of the human condition have their
epistemological proofs in the Quartets. The last chapter therefore
details Eliot's metaphysical resolution of the problem of
fragmentation and separateness--and his arrival, thus, at 'salvation'
through an epistemological understanding of the nature of reality. As
it scrutinizes the function of the Absolute and the nature of reality
on the bases of the Yin-Yang relation, this chapter too provides the
logic for the poem's conclusion, in which Eliot's monistic vision
culminates in the consummate union of the rose and the fire. Finally
in the chapter, Eliot's concept of 'the intersection of the timeless
with time' as a metaphor for the still point and the 'here and now'
is measured against the Jijimuge doctrine of the East Asian Buddhist
metaphysics.
As is central in Eastern thought, Four Quartets consists of
diagnoses of spiritual problems and speculation as to how they may be
solved. Eliot posits 'non-ego' cultivation and intuitive knowledge as
ways to attain to a sense of unity and wholeness; he attempts to
supplant ego with a sense of the interrelatedness of one with all
being, while suggesting that detachment (from fruits of action),
askesis (spiritual discipline) and love lead to fulfillment of the
promise of enlightenment.
Order No: AAC 9209660 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: POUND, WILLIAMS, AND CHINESE POETRY: THE SHAPING OF A MODERNIST TRADITION, 1913-1923 (POUND EZRA, WILLIAMS WILLIAM CARLOS, LI PO, WANG WEI)
Author: QIAN, ZHAOMING
School: TULANE UNIVERSITY (0235) Degree: PHD Date: 1991 pp: 239
Advisor: AHEARN, BARRY
Source: DAI-A 52/10, p. 3613, Apr 1992
Subject: LITERATURE, ENGLISH (0593); LITERATURE, COMPARATIVE
(0295); LITERATURE, ASIAN (0305)
Abstract: The rapid modernization of Pound's poetry between 1912 and
1917, and of Williams' poetry between 1917 and 1923, can largely be
accounted for by their response to literary influences. While the two
poets' debt to the French has been thoroughly studied by Rene Taupin,
what they owed to the Chinese has only been briefly treated in a few
books. My dissertation proposes to fill up this gap by tracing their
explorations of Chinese poetry in this period and identify the
Chinese influence in their early works.
My investigation begins with a survey of Pound's discovery of
Chinese Imagism in 1913. Evidence will show an immediate relation
between his initial Chinese exploration and the making of Des
Imagistes. Pound was inspired to write the four pre-Fenollosan
Chinese poems by studying H. A. Giles. The experiment in turn
encouraged him to bring together poems modeled on the Greek and on
the Chinese. What he derived from the Chinese was a 'hardness' that
is not seen in Ripostes. Pound's next move was toward Vorticism and
Cathay. Ample evidence from published and unpublished material will
demonstrate how Pound succeeds in reviving the beauty and simplicity
of Li Po, and how he fails to bring out the Zen-Buddhist essence of
Li Po's contemporary Wang Wei.
Williams' early enthusiasm for Chinese poetry remains unexplored.
Evidence will testify that he began a dialogue with the Mid-Tang poet
Po Chu-i, first through Giles and then through Authur Waley, between
1918 and 1921. The result of this encounter was an adoption of
Chinese notion and method in his own poetry. Without this dialogue,
Williams wouldn't have attained a Taoistic serenity in many of his
Sour Grapes poems. As Williams evolved toward Spring and All, the
influence of Po Chu-i became less visible. Scrutiny reveals, however,
Chinese elements blended with elements from other traditions.
Though my study relies on historical data, its real emphasis is
on comparison of texts between periods and cultures. My theory of
influence is that affinity comes before direct influence. Pound and
Williams were both prepared to receive the Eastern heritage.
Order No: AAC 9131794 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: RAPID DECAY PROPERTY AND SMALL CANCELLATION GROUPS (GROUP THEORY)
Author: ONG, PING-ZEN
School: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO (0033) Degree: PHD
Date: 1991 pp: 70
Advisor: FREEDMAN, M.; YAU, S. T.
Source: DAI-B 52/05, p. 2596, Nov 1991
Subject: MATHEMATICS (0405)
Abstract: Let $/Gamma$ be a finitely presented group. Based on the
fact that smooth functions on torus, $T/sp n$, have rapidly
decreasing Fourier coefficients, we can define a new notion in group
theory called rapid decay (RD).
Finitely generated amenable groups are shown to have property
(RD) if and only if they are almost nilpotent. On the other extreme,
the fundamental groups of the closed negatively curved manifolds, and
more generally, the Gromov hyperbolic groups, are also proved to have
property (RD). This fact has been used by Connes and Moscovici to
establish the Novikov conjecture for the Gromov hyperbolic groups.
From the fact that the Novikov conjecture is true for the
fundamental group of a non-positively curved manifold, it is believed
that a wider class of groups should have property (RD), especially
those groups with a semi-hyperbolic nature. (Notice that
$/doubz/sp[n]$, the fundamental group of flat torus, has property
(RD)).
The groups whose presentations satisfy a 'small cancellation'
condition are conjectured to have property (RD). We prove the
conjecture for several special cases of the small cancellation
groups. One of them is: Theorem. The square tessellation groups have
property (RD).
Small cancellation groups are subclasses of the so called
automatic groups which are thought to be a good candidate for
semi-hyperbolic theory. Due to the geometrical analogy, there is a
conjecture about the subgroups of automatic groups as follows:
Conjecture (Gersten and Short). All the solvable subgroups of
automatic groups are abelian by finite.
By using property of (RD) and biautomaticity, we partially
confirm this conjecture as a corollary of above theorem. Corollary.
All finitely generated amenable subgroups of square tessellation
groups are abelian by finite.
Order No: AAC 9201533 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: JAPANESE ELEMENTS IN THE PIANO WORKS OF TORU TAKEMITSU (TAKEMITSU TORU)
Author: LEE, CHUNG-HAING
School: UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS (0158) Degree: DMA Date: 1991
pp: 69
Advisor: BANOWETZ, JOSEPH
Source: DAI-A 52/08, p. 2752, Feb 1992
Subject: MUSIC (0413); LITERATURE, ASIAN (0305)
Abstract: This investigation reveals the distinctively Japanese
elements in the piano works of Toru Takemitsu. The particular pieces
analyzed are 'Piano Distance,' 'For Away,' and 'Uninterrupted Rests'
Nos. 1, 2, and 3.
Japanese aesthetic elements in traditional art and music include
mental tranquility and enlightenment derived from Zen Buddhism, which
embraces spontaneity, fearlessness, silence, and simplicity. Love of
nature is another major influence. Japanese music has a higher level
of sensitivity to tone color than Western music. Japanese drama
contains successive independent events. Their musical accompaniment
contains fragmented melodies, sudden dynamic changes, and
unpredictable rhythms, which can produce vibrant, serenely meditative
energy.
All of these qualities are found in Takemitsu's music, though not
obviously, as he combines them with Western innovations. Irregular
phrase structures are defined by silence. Melodies are generally
non-scalar and non-lyrical. Pointillism is employed by Takemitsu,
borrowed, not from modern techniques, but from ancient Japanese
practice. There are six modes used to compensate for the ancient
instruments' inability to transpose. Takemitsu rearranges intervallic
relationships to achieve desired results.
Takemitsu employs simultaneous and cumulative sonority to produce
variations. This concept of sonorous variations incorporating melodic
material is the very essence of Oriental music. Interest is created
through changes in articulation, timbre, pitch inflections, and
diverse types of vibrato.
His texture is unfamiliar to Western ears because melody and
accompaniment are inseparable. Sonority envelops the melody. Climax
is built up through textual density.
Takemitsu's piano pieces are all non-metric except for
'Uninterrupted Rests' No. 3. 'Fixed time' is difficult to calculate.
Tempo indications are only guidelines, and there is great flexibility
in actual performance.
Takemitsu's piano works reveal a new scope to the concept of
sound in modern piano literature. He achieves originality through his
imagination and his Japanese cultural and musical heritage. Subtle
Japanese elements, which have been embedded for centuries in Japan's
culture and music, lend a unique, but not outwardly Japanese, feeling
to his work.
Order No: AAC 1346622 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: TOWARD OUR TRUE NATURE: EXPERIENTIAL RESOURCES FOR A MORE ECOLOGICAL AND PEACEFUL WORLD
Author: NAKANO, TAMIO
School: CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF INTEGRAL STUDIES (0392)
Degree: MA Date: 1991 pp: 249
Source: MAI 30/02, p. 223, Summer 1992
Subject: PHILOSOPHY (0422); RELIGION, GENERAL (0318); SOCIOLOGY,
GENERAL (0626)
Abstract: 'Ecology' and 'Peace' are big subjects for me. How can we
transform Japanese businesses into more ecological and peaceful
practices? This project is a bold challenge for this question.
Analyzing causes of the environmental crisis and obstructions to
world peace, I found some root causes common to both issues. In order
to find the ways to go beyond these causes, I studied the literature
of Thich Nhat Hanh, Vietnamese Zen master; Joanna Macy, teacher and
social activist; and Howard Schechter, teacher and consultant. I also
explored the Native American traditions and Chinese Qi Gong as
resources. Then I engaged in research of the experiential work of
each of above three teachers utilizing the method of participant
observation. Finally, I planned frameworks for my own workshops which
provide experiential resources to go beyond the root causes. I will
offer this work in Japan.
Order No: AAC 9123713 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: STUDIES OF LASER ABLATION OF SOLID SAMPLES AND ITS PLASMA FORMATION
Author: HWANG, ZEN-WEN
School: UNIVERSITY OF LOWELL (0111) Degree: PHD Date: 1991
pp: 133
Advisor: SNEDDON, JOSEPH; TENG, YE-YUNG
Source: DAI-B 52/03, p. 1523, Sep 1991
Subject: PHYSICS, CONDENSED MATTER (0611)
Abstract: Laser ablation of solid samples has been studied since the
development of the ruby laser. The metallic sample is vaporized and
excited by absorption of an intensive laser radiation. The
vaporization or ablation depends on laser parameters and certain
physical characteristics of the sample. Theoretical studies have been
limited to a few materials and no analytical solution has been known
for quantitative predictions. A theoretical model was established to
relate the mass ablated to the laser irradiance in terms of the
thermal properties of the metal. To better understand the breakdown
phenomenon, it is essential to investigate the development and
propagation of the metal vapor plasma. Space and time resolved
spectrometric studies were carried out. Results obtained indicate
that the plasma, created on four different metal targets by an
excimer laser with a wavelength of 193 nm and laser energy of 150 to
200 mJ, has a near gaussian distribution, and the plasma emission has
a peak maximum at 20 $/mu$s and prolongs to about 100 $/mu$s.
Order No: AAC 9203231 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: THE DESIGN OF EXISTENTIAL PSYCHOTHERAPY AND ITS INCLUSION OF TRANSPERSONAL EXPERIENCE: A COLLABORATION IN THEORY-BUILDING (PSYCHOTHERAPY)
Author: GOLDFARB, ROBERTA LYNN
School: SAYBROOK INSTITUTE (0795) Degree: PHD Date: 1991
pp: 249
Advisor: BANATHY, BELA
Source: DAI-B 52/08, p. 4466, Feb 1992
Subject: PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL (0622); PSYCHOLOGY, GENERAL (0621)
Abstract: A map of existential psychotherapy and its inclusion of
transpersonal experience is developed using systems design methods. A
design group for collaborative theory building was formed: six
existential and transpersonal theoreticians, including the author,
used consensus techniques to generate the richest possible
description of existential psychotherapy as a system. Design members
were chosen for their prominence in making original contributions to
the field. One group member was added during the process making seven
in all. Additional material was drawn from literature and from the
author's experience.
Macro and micro-level features of the system of existential
psychotherapy are identified. At the macro-level, structural
features--client, therapist, and session are identified. Seven stages
of the process appear at this level. These are: (1) developing the
therapeutic alliance, (2) focusing the client's motivation for
change, (3) working through client resistance, (4) confronting
existential anxiety, (5) the existential crisis, (6) learning new
ways to live, and (7) the reality of the transpersonal. Micro-level
features reflect attention to the process at a level of fine
discrimination. These nine stages are: (1) a recognition of needing
help, (2) expectations, (3) attention training: staying with the
pain, (4) client presence increases, (5) the dialogue, (6)
transcending the self: loss of the pain, (7) the experience of the
world as it is, (8) individuation, and (9) entry into the
transpersonal. Transpersonal aspects of these stages themselves are
addressed one by one and described in greater detail. The level of
generality then becomes greater and the content more theoretical,
ending with a comparison of existential psychotherapy and Zen
Buddhism.
Order No: AAC 9134592 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: MOON IN THE WATER: THE METASKILLS OF PROCESS ORIENTED PSYCHOLOGY AS SEEN THROUGH THE PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC WORK OF ARNOLD MINDELL (MINDELL ARNOLD)
Author: MINDELL, AMY SUE
School: THE UNION INSTITUTE (1033) Degree: PHD Date: 1991
pp: 202
Source: DAI-B 52/06, p. 3302, Dec 1991
Subject: PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL (0622)
Abstract: This dissertation introduces a new term, metaskills, and
simultaneously addresses the fundamental metaskills of
process-oriented psychology through viewing the psychotherapeutic
work of Dr. Arnold Mindell. Metaskills are the 'ways' in which we do
therapy, the attitudes and the feelings which permeate our work.
Although they are vitally important, both as an aspect of our
therapeutic work and in defining the forms of therapy we use,
metaskills have thus far remained, or been an implicit, vaguely felt
aspect of the practice of psychotherapy.
Metaskills reflect in living form the basic beliefs which each
therapeutic system holds about life, development, growth, and the
expression of these deep--and often spiritual--beliefs in practice.
They infuse our techniques and are skills unto themselves when used
consciously by the therapist during his/her work. A new formulation
of psychotherapy is suggested as a unique combination of basic
beliefs, theory, techniques, and metaskills characteristic of each
psychotherapeutic direction.
In this work, case examples and detailed descriptions of
Mindell's work illuminate the way fundamental process beliefs reveal
themselves in practice. These process-oriented metaskills are
described with reference to similar attitudes in eastern spiritual
traditions such as Zen, Taoism, Vipassana meditation, and the martial
arts, pointing to further depths in process work's foundations.
Questions concerning teaching and learning metaskills are addressed,
as are implications for future training and research in
process-oriented psychology and the field of psychotherapy as a
whole.
Order No: AAC 9216532 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: RISING IN THE GOLDEN DAWN: AN INTRODUCTION TO ACUPUNCTURE BREATH THERAPY (BREATHWORK, HOLOTROPIC BREATHWORK, GROF STANISLAV)
Author: MYERSON, JOHN G.
School: THE UNION INSTITUTE (1033) Degree: PHD Date: 1991
pp: 76
Source: DAI-B 53/01, p. 549, Jul 1992
Subject: PSYCHOLOGY, GENERAL (0621); PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL (0622); PSYCHOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGICAL (0989)
Abstract: The project began by asking what would acupuncture do to
the breathwork process developed by Stanislav Grof? Would it produce
similar results? Would it produce a new psychotherapeutic technique
or be adjunctive to Grof's technique called Holotropic
Breathwork$/sp[/rm TM]$? It was initially thought that acupuncture
would add to or help in some way, maybe even improve the method used
by Grof. Instead, it was found that ABT is different from Grof's
method. While the author believes ABT and Holotropic
Breathwork$/sp[/rm TM]$ produce similar results, the process or path
seems different. Thus, the purpose of this paper was a pilot study
describing the introduction, development and preliminary results of
this psychotherapeutic technique. This is a pragmatic approach based
on a working hypothesis developed out of Grof's technique. The
hypothesis is that acupuncture can and will affect the mind. This, in
turn, will affect the process of breathwork making it different than
Grof's. It is further believed that it will create a new form of
breathwork that is called Acupuncture Breath Therapy (ABT).
ABT is a new psychotherapeutic technique that combines
acupuncture, an altered breathing pattern and music to produce
non-ordinary states of consciousness for healing purposes.
ABT was inspired by the work of Stanislav Grof and the author's
experience in Oriental medicine and transpersonal practices including
Zen meditation, Taoist practices. Grof has developed a theoretical
map of the unconscious as well as a practical technique, called
Holotropic Breathwork$/sp[/rm TM]$, that produces non-ordinary states
of consciousness. This work fits the ABT experiences into Grof's
theoretical model. It also compares the process of ABT to Holotropic
Breathwork$/sp[/rm TM]$ the founding work in the field.
Order No: AAC 9132212 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: COMPETITION IN THE SERVICE OF TRANSCENDENT FORMATION(SPIRITUALITY)
Author: HASTINGS, EDWARD THOMAS
School: DUQUESNE UNIVERSITY (0067) Degree: PHD Date: 1991
pp: 494
Advisor: RILEY, CAROLE A.
Source: DAI-A 52/09, p. 3316, Mar 1992
Subject: RELIGION, GENERAL (0318); PHILOSOPHY (0422); PSYCHOLOGY,
GENERAL (0621)
Abstract: This dissertation explores the various aspects, structures
and dynamics of the experience of competing according to the
methodology formulated by Adrian van Kaam and the Institute of
Formative Spirituality. It attempts to answer questions such as: Why
do we compete? Is competition inevitable? Is the price of competition
worth what it produces? Can competition be healthy? It also endeavors
to describe the ingredients of healthy and unhealthy competition,
looking to see what makes competition beneficial or harmful.
Consideration of the way in which one might move from competing
unhealthily to a more healthy form of competition, is also a part of
this research project. The dynamic of competition is researched from
a universal perspective, a Zen Buddhist viewpoint, a Christian
standpoint and, finally, is applied to the experience of competition
in an Augustinian experience of religious life in the Roman Catholic
tradition.
Order No: AAC 9120777 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: ONTOLOGY OF LOVE: THE RELIGIOPHILOSOPHICAL THOUGHT OF
PAUL TILLICH AND ZEN BUDDHISM (TILLICH PAUL)
Author: ALLDRITT, LESLIE DAVID
School: TEMPLE UNIVERSITY (0225) Degree: PHD Date: 1991 pp: 307
Advisor: DEMARTINO, RICHARD
Source: DAI-A 52/02, p. 572, Aug 1991
Subject: RELIGION, PHILOSOPHY OF (0322); THEOLOGY (0469);
PHILOSOPHY (0422)
Abstract: This dissertation examines and critically compares the
respective ontologies of Paul Tillich and Zen Buddhism.
The first chapter involves itself in the complex question, 'What
is human nature?' In a departure from the traditional method of
exploring this question by detailing differing philosophical and
theological positions on human nature, this section will instead turn
to those scholars who have a different perspective and concern
regarding the question of human nature--those who observe and record
the advent of human nature (self-consciousness) in the infant. In
accord with the scientific method, the result of such studies are
tentative, yet they are pertinent to the question of human nature as
they record the development of a human personal being.
The following four chapters seek to expand upon the question of
human nature by examining the religio-philosophical thought of Paul
Tillich in four areas: (1) an outline of his ontological position,
including a explication of his terms essence and existence; appended
to this chapter is a brief discussion on the influence of the
philosophy of Martin Heidegger on Paul Tillich's religio-philosophy;
(2) the problematic aspect of human nature as his ontology presents
it; (3) the resolution he offers to that problematic aspect; and (4)
the relationship of love to Tillich's proposed resolution, or in
other words, an articulation of the dynamic re-union of Love.
The second section of the dissertation then turns its attention
to Zen Buddhism and utilizes the same categories of nature, problem,
and resolution toward an interpretation of Zen religio-philosophy.
Central to this section is the discussion of love and the Zen
Awakening, as well as, some problems regarding the formulation of a
'Zen ethic.'
The third section of the dissertation consists of a comparison
and contrast of the Tillichian ontological position and the Zen
ontological position as outlined in the previous two sections and
focuses on important dualities or, as Tillich prefers, polarities.
This section also includes a comparison of Tillich's and Zen's
respectively proposed methodologies toward bringing about their
resolutions. Appended to this chapter is a brief essay on the
dimension of discourse for both Tillich and Zen--the depth dimension.
The fourth and concluding section offers some observations as to
the possible implications of understanding Zen and Tillich as
ontologies of love and how they both may enter (or re-enter) the
marketplace of religious ideas.
Order No: AAC 9222023 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: THE HOMELESS - GOLD WITHIN THE GARBAGE: A PROCESS-ORIENTED APPROACH TO WORKING WITH THE HOMELESS
Author: STEWART, REGULA ELISABETH
School: THE UNION INSTITUTE (1033) Degree: PHD Date: 1991
pp: 126
Advisor: SURKIN, MARVIN
Source: DAI-A 53/04, p. 1285, Oct 1992
Subject: SOCIOLOGY, ETHNIC AND RACIAL STUDIES (0631); EDUCATION,
EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY (0525); SOCIAL WORK (0452)
Abstract: This dissertation provides research on the application of
Process Work to the work with the homeless. Process Work is developed
by Dr. Arnold Mindell. Its belief in the wisdom of nature, even when
it looks absurd, impossible and dark, is close to taoism. The
paradigm is applied to the work with individuals, diseases, couples,
families, groups, mentally ill people, dying and comatose people.
In connection with his work with mentally ill people, Mindell
created the concept of the 'city shadows': psychotic, manic and
depressed people often don't want to do psychotherapy and do not want
to change; instead they expect the environment to change. They are
the city's shadow: the city's disavowed, split off, repressed parts.
To encourage the city to live these forbidden aspects will relieve
mentally ill people.
The research of this dissertation is done in interviews with the
homeless in order to find out what aspects of the city they carry,
and which aspects we don't accept. The homeless were approached as
teachers, which enabled them to bring out their beauty and wisdom.
The dissertation identifies the messages of the homeless. They talked
about themes that are found among spiritual teachers, such as
taoists, Zen masters, Buddhists, Christian mystics, Sufis and Native
Americans. The PDE compares their messages that are about
connectedness with nature; freedom; detachment; conflict; and love;
with the messages of spiritual traditions.
A second aspect of the city's shadow is the homeless people's
life style. Their way of life is very different from society's. The
PDE compares the life style of the street people, which has to do
with laziness, passion, poverty, begging, and home-lessness, with the
life style of masters in spiritual traditions.
The dissertation is a contribution to a global approach for
dealing with the problems of this planet. It illustrates that local
and causal interventions in the growing problem of homelessness in
the USA have to be complemented with a wholistic global approach that
considers the city as a system with a dreaming process and a drive
for wholeness.
Order No: AAC 9201419 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: BAYESIAN INFERENCE WITH NONCONJUGATE PRIORS
Author: ZEN, MEI-MEI
School: PURDUE UNIVERSITY (0183) Degree: PHD Date: 1991 pp: 129
Advisor: DASGUPTA, ANIRBAN
Source: DAI-B 52/07, p. 3697, Jan 1992
Subject: STATISTICS (0463)
Abstract: The issues of the behavior of posterior distributions and
robust Bayes procedures are considered when nonconjugate priors are
used. Four issues are addressed in this work: (i) shape properties of
posterior distributions of a multivariate normal mean when
nonconjugate priors are used; (ii) explicit construction of Bayesian
set estimates in high dimensional problems when the posterior
distribution is starunimodal; (iii) point estimation of a
multivariate normal mean when t priors are used; (iv) the behavior
(risk or otherwise) of systematically chosen Bayes actions when
Bayesian analysis is performed with a family of priors instead of a
single prior.
Under (i), we take $X /sim N/sb p(/theta,/sigma/sp2 I)$, where
$/sigma/sp2$ is known and let $/theta$ have a prior which is a scale
mixture of multivariate normal priors with a fixed mean $/mu$ and
covariance matrix $/lambda/sb/tau/sp2$I (here $/tau/sp2$ is kept
fixed and the mixture is on $/lambda$). The case with known matrices
$/Sigma/sb1$ and $/Sigma/sb2$ instead of $/sigma/sp2I$, $/tau/sp2I$
respectively can be reduced to the above setup. We obtain a necessary
and sufficient condition for the posterior of $/theta$ to be
starunimodal for a given $X$ and also a necessary and sufficient
condition for the posterior of $/theta$ to be a starunimodal for all
$X$.
Under (ii), we explicitly construct confidence sets when the
distribution of the underlying variable is starunimodal. This part of
the work is completely general and can in fact be applied to Bayes
and classical problems alike. We describe infinitely many starshaped
confidence sets meeting the probability requirement and then derive
the set with the smallest volume. We prove that in the cases where
the posteriors have homothetic contours, our methods exactly
reproduce the highest posterior density sets.
Under (iii), the posterior mode for a multivariate normal mean is
employed as a point estimate of the mean vector when t prior is used.
The risk behavior of the posterior mode is explored. In particular,
we prove that for any fixed m, $/tau/sp2$ and $/sigma/sp2$, the
posterior mode is minimax for moderate values of p.
Under (iv), we consider the problem of estimating a Binomial
parameter $/theta$ and let $/theta$ have a prior $/pi$ belonging to a
suitable family $/Gamma$. Five different choices of $/Gamma$ are
considered. In each case, we investigate the behavior of the midpoint
of the interval of Bayes estimates. We prove that unless the prior
family includes unreasonable priors, the midpoint is generally an
admissible procedure and for n $/le$ 4, we demonstrate that it is
also usually Bayes with respect to a prior in the original family.
These attractive properties of the midpoint make it a viable option
in the hard technical problem of suggesting a specific action to the
user.
Order No: AAC 9128329 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: A HISTORY OF THE INSTANT THEATRE (THEATER, CALIFORNIA, ROSENTHAL RACHEL)
Author: PETERSON, WILLIAM DWIGHT
School: THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN (0227) Degree: PHD
Date: 1991 pp: 468
Advisor: BROCKETT, OSCAR G.
Source: DAI-A 52/06, p. 1946, Dec 1991
Subject: THEATER (0465)
Abstract: This dissertation examines the history of the Instant
Theatre, a Los Angeles-based company which created improvised theatre
between 1956 and 1977. In addition to documenting Instant Theatre's
various incarnations, this study contextualizes the group's work,
assesses the company's contributions to experimental performance and
improvised children's theatre, and examines the extensive training
program which provided participants with a common language for
performance.
The preface establishes the need for the present study. Chapter
One looks specifically at the Los Angeles theatrical context of the
time, examining the artistic climate, the beatnik scene and the youth
movement, the nature of improvisational theatre in the city, the
interplay between performance and the human potential movement, and
the contributions of feminist artists and performance art to
experimental theatre in Los Angeles.
Chapter Two positions Rachel Rosenthal, the guiding force of the
company, in terms of the larger theatrical and artistic avant-garde
of the 1950s. Before moving to Los Angeles in 1955, Rosenthal was a
close friend of John Cage, Robert Rauschenberg, Jasper Johns, Remy
Charlip, and Merce Cunningham, all of whom helped stimulate her
thinking about theatre. Rosenthal trained with Jean-Louis Barrault
and Erwin Piscator, and was also greatly influenced by Zen Buddhism
and the writings of Antonin Artaud.
Chapter Three provides an historical overview of Instant Theatre,
breaking down the history of the company into eight periods. The
chapter also examines who and what was performed and provides
descriptive and critical accounts of the work.
Chapter Four explores the extensive training program which not
only stressed voice, movement, and ensemble awareness skills, but
which also featured training in a number of styles and forms,
creating a rich performance vocabulary.
Chapter Five examines the visual aesthetic of Instant Theatre,
especially as it relates to the aesthetic of assemblage, while
Chapter Six looks at the Instant Fairy Tales, the company's
contribution to improvised children's theatre. Chapter Seven, an
investigation of Instant Theatre's legacy, looks at the group's
capacity for self-transformation and provides an overview of
Rosenthal's recent performance work. The conclusion assesses Instant
Theatre's successes and failures along with its contributions to
children's theatre and experimental performance.
Order No: AAC 1341362 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: FROM HIPPIEISM TO ZEN BUDDHISM: COUNTERCULTURE IDEOLOGY AND SOCIAL CHANGE IN AMERICA
Author: WU, YUSHAN
School: BOSTON COLLEGE (0016) Degree: MA Date: 1990 pp: 58
Source: MAI 29/01, p. 32, Spring 1991
Subject: AMERICAN STUDIES (0323); SOCIOLOGY, SOCIAL STRUCTURE AND
DEVELOPMENT (0700); RELIGION, GENERAL (0318)
Abstract: The appeal for Hippieism and Zen Buddhism in 1960s and
1970s came from a crisis of meaning in American history. Not in
themselves solutions for American cultural disease, the ideological
movements from Hippieism to Zen have made lasting contributions to
American cultural, social change. This paper describes the value
orientations of biblical religion, utilitarian individualism,
hippieism and Zen. It moves to discuss the significance of hippieism
and Zen as cultural criticism and the endeavor for the
institutionalization of countercultural ideals. Gramsci's theory of
social transformation is applied.
Order No: AAC 9022552 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: THE NATURE AND SCOPE OF EASTERN THOUGHT AND PRACTICE IN CONTEMPORARY LITERATURE ON AMERICAN PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORT (1953-1989) (BUDDHISM, CONFUSIANISM, TAOISM, ZEN)
Author: SHIN, HYUN-KUN
School: THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY (0168) Degree: PHD Date: 1990
pp: 158
Advisor: KLEINMAN, SEYMOUR
Source: DAI-A 51/03, p. 787, Sep 1990
Subject: EDUCATION, PHYSICAL (0523); PHILOSOPHY (0422)
Abstract: This study traced the emergence of Eastern thought and
practice in contemporary American physical education from 1953 to
1989. The study aimed: (1) to examine Eastern concepts expressed in
the literature of American physical education and sport published
during this period, (2) to identify to what extent Eastern thought
and practice have emerged, and how they affect the direction of
contemporary American physical education, and (3) to suggest
directions in American physical education, should these Eastern forms
and practices become more fully integrated.
To familiarize the reader with essential Eastern theory and
practice, Chapter II briefly described Eastern philosophies,
including fundamental notions from Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism,
and Zen. The world view these ideas amplify was related to physical
education and sport.
Chapter III traced the emergence of Eastern concepts in American
physical education and sport. Three distinctive acculturation stages
were considered: (1) acquaintance, (2) appropriation, and (3)
transformation. In the course of these three stages, Eastern ideas
and approaches were introduced, pragmatically adapted, and creatively
synthesized, leading to an emergence of new theoretical orientations,
alternatives to traditional Western paradigms.
A review of a growing body of literature suggested that Eastern
theories and practices have emerged in the areas of philosophy,
pedagogy, objectives and curricula, and training methods in physical
education and sport. The review revealed that an increasing number of
physical educators have linked the nature, methods, and content of
American physical education to Eastern concepts and practices.
Chapter IV attempted to identify to what extent Eastern thought
and practices have emerged in contemporary American physical
education. This emergence of Eastern thoughts and practices seemed
varied and extensive, involving a change of attitude, methods, and
content to traditional American theories and practices.
Because Eastern thought and practices continue to emerge, the
consequences for American physical education are not entirely clear.
Passing through a distinctive 'acculturation process' in different
environmental and intellectual settings, Eastern ideas and practices
have contributed to the evolution of American physical education and
sport over the past three decades. But many examples of Eastern
thought and practice are still in the early stages of development in
the West, and thus their merit has not been thoroughly established in
American physical education. Nevertheless, Eastern thought and
practice are contributing to a new paradigm for American physical
education and sport. These contributions may help direct the
evolution of physical education and sport in the twenty-first
century.
Order No: AAC 9029730 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: MATHEMATICAL MODELS AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF GAS-SOLID REACTION WITH TWO MOVING BOUNDARIES (BOUNDARIES)
Author: LEE, MIN-ZEN
School: NEW MEXICO STATE UNIVERSITY (0143) Degree: PHD
Date: 1990 pp: 181
Advisor: WILSON, DONALD B.
Source: DAI-B 51/06, p. 3025, Dec 1990
Subject: ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL (0542)
Abstract: This study developed mathematical models for different
rate controlling mechanisms of shrinking unreacted core reactions
with two moving boundaries. Pseudo steady-state approximations of
these models were used to predict the behaviors of vacuum dehydration
of the spherical crystal of copper sulfate pentahydrate, which
transforms to copper sulfate monohydrate via single or
mixed-resistance reaction under different conditions.
Good agreement between theoretical models and experimental data
were found in single rate controlling cases. Kinetic regime and
transport effect of the reaction were determined. Model parameters,
surface chemical reaction rate constant, and effective diffusivity of
water vapor in product layer, were estimated by least squares
analysis. Damkohler number and mass transfer Biot number of the
double-resistance reaction were calculated by the developed
technique. Important results of this investigation are the following:
(1) Dehydration of copper sulfate pentahydrate at 2mm Hg absolute
pressure was found to be controlled by the surface chemical reaction
at core-ash interface, (2) Dehydration above 2mm Hg absolute pressure
was found to be controlled by diffusion of water vapor across the
product layer (copper sulfate monohydrate), (3) Reaction-Diffusion
mixed step controlling were observed at absolute pressure between 2
to 3 mm Hg and reaction temperature below 47$/sp/circ$C, (4) Apparent
activation energy of the vacuum dehydration, calculated from the
constructed Arrehnius plot, was found to be 21.26 Kcal/mole, (5)
Values of the surface reaction rate constant for the experiments
conducted were estimated ranging from 0.0486 $/times$ 10$/sp[-3]$ to
1.035 $/times$ 10$/sp[-3]mole.H/sb[2]O/cm/sp[2].sec$, (6) Values of
the effective diffusivity of the water vapor for the experiments
conducted were estimated ranging from 0.0298 to 0.0016$cm/sp[2]/sec$.
Furthermore, three methods for verifying mechanisms of gas-solid
reactions were proposed and tested in this work. Among these new
methods, the comparison between the experimental and theoretical
values of moving velocity at core-ash interface is recommended.
Order No: AAC 9029766 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: MINOR WHITE: THE SILENCE OF SEEING. TEACHING PHOTOGRAPHY'S VISIBLE LANGUAGE
Author: GOODWIN, MARY CHRISTINE
School: BOSTON UNIVERSITY (0017) Degree: PHD Date: 1990 pp: 375
Advisor: CHIARENZA, CARL
Source: DAI-A 51/08, p. 2548, Feb 1991
Subject: FINE ARTS (0357); EDUCATION, ART (0273); BIOGRAPHY (0304)
Abstract: For three decades after World War II, Minor White held a
central position in the development of the modern American
photographic community, yet his instruction has gone largely
unexamined.
I reconstruct and analyze White's teaching practices, using
information from White's unpublished manuscripts, student interviews,
and published and unpublished documentation. My methodology is
biographical, with emphasis on White's lessons and the support
systems, institutions, and publications which shaped White's social
context.
The biographical introduction of Chapter One asserts that White's
personal style of sequencing photographs (incorporating aspects of
poetry, music, and images) becomes expanded in his teaching practice
as a complete synaesthetic experience.
In Chapter Two, I delineate the differences in White's teaching
methods, theoretical writings, and public profile during three
distinct periods: his California School of Fine Arts period of
1946-1953, his Rochester Institute of Technology period of 1956-1965,
and his Massachusetts Institute of Technology period of 1965-1976. I
argue for a development in White's teaching methods, from an 'Art
Appreciation' model influenced by Meyer Schapiro, to a 'Balanced
Triad' model using Previsualization influenced by Zen and Gurdjieff,
to the 'Creative Audience' model influenced by Gestalt Therapy.
I demonstrate that previsualization became a pivotal concept in
White's classes, allowing him to bond the consideration of technical
issues with the consideration of expressive issues and eventually
with limitless speculative issues. Edward Weston, Ansel Adams, and
originally, White, used previsualization as a formal
tool--envisioning the print while still observing the scene or
subject. White moved his students beyond this orthodox use of
photographic previsualization--to observe the schemata level or
gestalt-formation level of imaging through a graded series of
exercises. This art of contemplation, of seeing without a camera, had
its roots in traditional sacred arts and contemporary reinforcement
from modern conceptual art.
A third chapter analyzes the critical response to White during
his lifetime, noting controversy over his perceived 'mysticism.'
The problem of understanding the position of Minor White, the
teacher, in the development of the modern photographic community
gives focus and unity to the entire dissertation.
Order No: AAC MM59423 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: THOMAS MERTON: A DEVELOPMENTAL STUDY OF HIS IDEAS OF GOD AND MAN
Author: BUTTON, SIMONE MARIE
School: THE UNIVERSITY OF REGINA (CANADA) (0148) Degree: MA
Date: 1990 pp: 127
Advisor: MACDONALD, B.
Source: MAI 30/02, p. 217, Summer 1992
Subject: LITERATURE, AMERICAN (0591); LITERATURE, MODERN (0298)
ISBN: 0-315-59423-3
Abstract: In his book, Story and Discourse, Seymour Chatman
describes a literary device which helps to distinguish Merton from
the narrators: the implied author. Through the analysis of the
narrators and implied authors in four of Merton's books, the
development of Merton's ideas of God and man are analyzed in this
thesis.
From this perspective, we have seen the changes in the expression
of Merton's ideas of God, man, and their relationship, from the
perspective of a naive convert in The Seven Story Mountain, the
perspective of a developing Christian thinker in Thoughts in
Solitude, the perspective of an eclectic scholar in Zen and the Birds
of Appetite, and the perspective of the marginal man in The Asian
Journal. Merton was constantly looking for new ways to develop his
ideas, not only about God and man, but about other themes in his
writing. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
Order No: AAC 9118051 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: THE NATURE AND PRACTICE OF FREEDOM: A DIALOGUE ON FREEDOM AND DETERMINISM IN BUDDHIST AND WESTERN PHILOSOPHY (PHILOSOPHY)
Author: PUTNEY, DAVID PAUL
School: UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII (0085) Degree: PHD Date: 1990
pp: 393
Advisor: KALUPAHANA, DAVID J.
Source: DAI-A 52/01, p. 182, Jul 1991
Subject: PHILOSOPHY (0422); RELIGION, PHILOSOPHY OF (0322)
Abstract: To what extent can our actions be said to be free and to
what extent are they the result of causes? Furthermore, what might
'freedom' mean in terms of experience and especially in terms of the
creation of conditions conducive to that experience? In the West it
has most often been argued that either our actions are always
determined or that our actions are at least sometimes 'free', in the
sense that we might have done otherwise. Kant thought that this issue
resulted in an 'antinomy of reason': a pair of dichotomous
'metaphysical' concepts both implying ontological realities, but
which could not properly be derived from reason.
We find, in Chapter Two, an analogous position with the Buddhist,
who regarded 'freedom' as an application of the 'Middle Path' between
absolute determinism and indeterminism (chance). Freedom, for the
Buddhist, is defined, in practice, as a state attained through the
combined practice of insight, calming, and moral practice.
In Chapter Three we create an imaginary dialogue between a
Buddhist traveler from India and Plato and Aristotle on the practical
problem of freedom of action in the moral world. This chapter
revolves around the Socratic dictum that: 'When a person does evil he
harms himself;' and that, therefore, 'No one willingly or knowingly
does evil.' Here, evil becomes the result of a kind of ignorance,
which can only be overcome with knowledge.
In the Fourth Chapter, we turn to the thirteenth century Japanese
Zen Master, Dogen, who was especially concerned with the problem of
looking but not 'seeing'. In order to understand Dogen in the context
of his times we must consider both his critique (or 'deconstruction')
of the major Mahayana doctrines, (which have developed in the
centuries after the Buddha's death, and especially in the context of
Chinese Buddhism), of 'Buddha Nature' and 'Original Enlightenment' as
well as his reinterpretation, or 'reconstruction', of these
doctrines, while at the same time reaffirming the basic Buddhist
practices of purification and meditation as well as the classical
Buddhist teaching of 'Dependent Arising'.
Order No: AAC 9027842 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: A PHENOMENOLOGICAL INQUIRY OF SIX PSYCHOTHERAPISTS WHO PRACTICE BUDDHIST MEDITATION
Author: DREIFUSS, ALAN
School: CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF INTEGRAL STUDIES (0392)
Degree: PHD Date: 1990 pp: 455
Advisor: VOIGT, HARRISON
Source: DAI-B 51/05, p. 2617, Nov 1990
Subject: PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL (0622); PHILOSOPHY (0422);
PSYCHOLOGY, GENERAL (0621)
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to explore the impact of
Buddhist meditation practice on the attitude, work and lived
experience of therapists and their self-reported experiences of work
with clients. The research describes particular dynamics and effects
of meditation on six psychotherapists who practiced Buddhist
meditation for over five years in the Theravadin (Vipassana), Zen and
Vajrayana traditions. Interviews and follow-up interviews were
conducted by the researcher combining both structured and open-ended
formats. A phenomenological analysis of the interviews with the
privileged subjects is the method utilized to make sense of the data.
Summaries of each subject's interviews were prepared. A co-reader
expert in phenomenological analysis participated with the researcher
in a dialogal process to challenge and clarify the themes that
emerged from the interviews.
The findings revealed five primary themes that emerged in the
interviews: (1) conviction/grounding, (2) mindfulness of the present,
(3) impermanence, (4) suffering, and (5) skepticism of melodramas.
These are discussed from the viewpoint of each of the subjects as
they addressed them in the interviews. There were three essential
meaning structures that emerged from the phenomenological analysis.
These are described as a trinity with each bearing a crucial
relationship to the other in how meditation impacts the work of these
therapists. The essential meaning structures consist of (1)
conviction/grounding, (2) skepticism of melodramas, and (3)
mindfulness in the present. These themes are also discussed from the
viewpoint of three-fold logic of ground, path, and fruition.
A critique of the phenomenological research is presented.
Acknowledgment is made regarding the limitations and benefits of
conducting this method of research. Implications of the findings for
the training of therapists is discussed. Further related research is
suggested.
Order No: AAC 9114035 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: APPLICATIONS OF THE 'TAO TE CHING' OF LAO TZU TO PSYCHOTHERAPY THEORY AND TECHNIQUE (MEDIATION)
Author: HRANILOVICH, THOMAS E.
School: WESTERN MICHIGAN UNIVERSITY (0257) Degree: EDD
Date: 1990 pp: 167
Advisor: CARLSON, WILLIAM A.
Source: DAI-B 51/12, p. 6106, Jun 1991
Subject: PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL (0622); PHILOSOPHY (0422);
LITERATURE, ASIAN (0305)
Abstract: Existing paradigms in psychology are almost exclusively
founded upon the hypothetico-deductive scientific tradition. As a
consequence, prevalent psychotherapy theories and techniques are also
founded upon this tradition. In recent years the realization has been
growing, even among its adherents, that the hypothetico-deductive
method is not the only avenue to knowledge about the nature of
existence. An alternate avenue is provided by the mystic tradition,
as exemplified by Zen Buddhism, Hesychasm, Indian and Tibetan Yoga,
Sufism, Christian mysticism, Hindu mysticism, Jewish mysticism, and
Taoism. This study is an examination of the central beliefs of tao
chia, or the Taoist school, and a review of the literature to assess
the extent to which these beliefs have been considered as an
alternative or an adjunct to the hypothetico-deductive scientific
tradition in the development of psychotherapy theory and technique.
The focus is on the Tao Te Ching of Lao Tzu, the core text of
philosophical Taoism, which is examined for elements which are of
application to working with clients in psychotherapy. Presented are
ways in which the concepts of the Tao Te Ching can be synthesized
with the concepts of existing psychotherapy systems to form an
integrated psychotherapy system, and also ways in which the concept
of the Tao Te Ching can be used to supplement the concepts of
existing psychotherapy systems. The intent is to stimulate deliverers
of mental health services to consider alternate worldviews, and thus
alternate psychotherapy paradigms, and to expand their repertoire of
techniques for working with clients.
Order No: AAC 9020084 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: A STUDY OF THE ATTENTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LONG-TERM ZEN MEDITATORS
Author: RILEY, TERRANCE G.
School: CALIFORNIA SCHOOL OF PROFESSIONAL PSYCHOLOGY -
BERKELEY/ALAMEDA (0039) Degree: PHD Date: 1990 pp: 242
Advisor: HEIDE, FREDERICK
Source: DAI-B 51/04, p. 2049, Oct 1990
Subject: PSYCHOLOGY, GENERAL (0621); RELIGION, GENERAL (0318)
Abstract: This study compared the scores of Zen meditators and
nonmeditators on a number of types of attention: absorption, auditory
attention, broad internal focus, broad external and narrow attention
focus. It was hypothesized that meditators have more efficient and
flexible use of attention.
Fifty meditators were recruited from San Francisco Bay Area Zen
Centers and twenty-six nonmeditator control subjects were recruited
by word of mouth. All were given a packet containing the Tellegen
Absorption Scale (Tellegen and Atkinson, 1974) and the Test of
Attentional and Interpersonal Style (Nideffer, 1977) which they
filled out and returned by mail. They were also given the Digit Span
subtest from the WAIS either in person or over the phone. A measure
was attempted in which subjects counted their breaths and this was
compared with a mechanical count of their breathing. This measure was
abandoned because it was determined that subjects were able to count
their breathing automatically without truly attending.
Meditators and nonmeditators were compared using multivariate
analysis of variance (MANOVA) and significant differences were found
on the multivariate score. Two univariate scores (the Broad External
Attention and Obsessive scales from the TAIS) significantly
differentiated meditators from nonmeditators though, opposite of what
was predicted, meditators scored lower. There was a marginally
significant difference between groups on TAS scores, with meditators
displaying greater absorption. It was concluded that the two TAIS
scale scores were probably the result of the predisposition of the
meditators while the TAS score was more likely to truly reflect
meditation experience.
Meditators were also compared with themselves by dividing them
into groups and comparing these groups using MANOVA. These analyses
included total sessions of meditation, total months of meditation,
meditation sessions per month and meditation sessions per month over
the last year. Only the meditation sessions per month over the last
year analysis produced a significant multivariate score in which
subjects with greater frequency of sessions scored higher. This
implies that recent meditation experience is a key factor and that
many of the effects of meditation on attention may be short term.
Order No: AAC 9023082 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: RELAX TOWARD YOUR GOAL: A THERAPEUTIC APPROACH TO PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT
Author: MIRIANI, DOROTHY NEWTON
School: THE UNION INSTITUTE (1033) Degree: PHD Date: 1990
pp: 421
Source: DAI-B 51/04, p. 2048, Oct 1990
Subject: PSYCHOLOGY, GENERAL (0621); EDUCATION, EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY (0525)
Abstract: Miriani's study is intended for an audience that includes
therapists, counselors, biofeedback practitioners, teachers and
various types of performers. Separate chapters outline how
biofeedback, somatic education, cognitive therapy, metaphoric therapy
and principles from transpersonal psychology can be used to assist
performers to improve and overcome unnecessary anxiety. Additional
chapters apply principles from each of these disciplines to specific
problems in the area of testing, public speaking and musical
performance.
The thesis of the book is that performance is basic to life and
that if one can learn to master one type of performance, the same
principles can be applied to enhance performance in many other areas
of daily living. Principles of self-regulation theory are used to
integrate the common tenets of various therapeutic approaches with
those of Eastern spiritual disciplines such as Zen Buddhism and the
Zen Arts for the purpose of leading the performer to greater
awareness, detachment and self-control. Emphasis is placed on the
mind-body connection and the importance of therapeutically
approaching performers on cognitive, somatic and transpersonal
levels.
Miriani uses her case studies, fifteen client journals and twelve
qualitative study interviews to illustrate the therapeutic results
obtained from the use of her integrated approach to performance
therapy. The case studies include materials from clients who sought
therapy for the purpose of improving performance in the areas of
test-taking, job interviewing, writing, public speaking, teaching,
managing and other types of job and academic performance situations.
The work is unique in showing the effectiveness of seeking the
common denominator in a variety of therapeutic approaches and
applying techniques from each in an integrated way for the purpose of
assisting clients to self-regulation and self-mastery in their lives
as well as in specific performance.
Order No: AAC 9106647 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: CHRIST IN THE MARGINS: ELEMENTS FOR AN ETHICAL CHRISTOLOGY DERIVED FROM THE WORKS OF ROSEMARY RADFORD RUETHER, JUAN LUIS SEGUNDO, AND MASAO ABE (UNITED STATES, JAPAN, LATIN AMERICA)
Author: STROM, PAUL R.
School: THE ILIFF SCHOOL OF THEOLOGY AND UNIVERSITY OF DENVER
(0939) Degree: PHD Date: 1990 pp: 306
Advisor: WILBANKS, DANA W.
Source: DAI-A 51/10, p. 3437, Apr 1991
Subject: RELIGION, GENERAL (0318); THEOLOGY (0469); RELIGION,
PHILOSOPHY OF (0322)
Abstract: In response to the suspicion that 'much of what
Christianity has to say about Christ is unethical,' this study seeks
to identify two things: (1) the aspects of traditional, orthodox
christology that certain groups of people experience as unethical and
oppressive, and (2) elements for a transformed ethical christology
identified by the marginalized and oppressed. The focus is on beliefs
about the significance of Jesus, not on interpretations of what Jesus
taught or authorized about faithful action. A liberation methodology
is adopted for this study in which christological formulations are
evaluated with regard to their contribution to the liberation and
humanization of all people.
Those chosen to contribute their analysis to this study are
Rosemary Radford Ruether, a feminist theologian; Juan Luis Segundo, a
Latin American theologian; and Masao Abe, a Japanese Zen Buddhist who
is a scholar of Western religion and culture. All three identify
Christian claims for the exhaustiveness and exclusivity of Jesus as
those christological elements that tend to legitimate the formation
of an ontological hierarchy. In this hierarchy, groups of people are
demeaned on the basis of their failure to conform to the perception
of normative humanity or by a denial of the fullness of their
existence. However, Ruether, Segundo, and Abe call, not for an
abandonment of Jesus as a liberating and transformative force in the
contemporary context, but for a recovery of the kenotic Jesus who
empties himself in service and whose modeling of kenosis is
historically and culturally contingent. The kenotic Jesus, in his
identification with those that are oppressed, is relevant to the
liberation and humanization of all who suffer, regardless of their
gender, social status, nationality, or religious affiliation.
Order No: AAC 9103711 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: MARISHITEN: BUDDHISM AND THE WARRIOR GODDESS
Author: HALL, DAVID AVALON
School: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY (0028) Degree: PHD
Date: 1990 pp: 441
Advisor: STRICKMANN, MICHEL
Source: DAI-A 51/09, p. 3109, Mar 1991
Subject: RELIGION, HISTORY OF (0320); HISTORY, ASIA, AUSTRALIA AND
OCEANIA (0332); PSYCHOLOGY, GENERAL (0621)
Abstract: A good deal of literature has appeared in the post-World
War II period concerning Buddhism, warfare, and combative arts. Most
of this literature has centered on the relationship between Zen and
'martial arts' while the influence of the Tantric, or 'Esoteric,'
Buddhist tradition has been left relatively neglected. This
dissertation examines the often disregarded relationship between
Tantric Buddhism and the arts of war through a detailed investigation
of the evolution of the Buddhist warrior goddess, Marici (Jp.
Marishiten).
The aim of this dissertation was to (1) examine the origins and
development of the cult of Marici (2) explore the nature of the cult
within the larger framework of Sino-Japanese Tantric Buddhism, and
(3) determine the way in which the Buddhist cult was adapted and used
by the Japanese warrior class from the ninth through the sixteenth
centuries.
Chapter 2 proposes reasons for the origin and evolution of the
Marici cult on and around the Indian subcontinent from the fifth
through the tenth centuries. A number of comparisons are made
concerning Marici's attributes and functions and those of antecedent
and contemporary deities.
Chapters 3 and 4 deal with the Buddhist cult in China. Chapter 3
covers the 'early' period (sixth and seventh centuries) while Chapter
4 covers the 'mid- to late' period (eighth through tenth centuries).
These chapters deal mainly with the introduction of the cult, the
process of Buddhist assimilation it underwent, and a later period
reflecting the development of Vajrayana in India.
Chapter 5 turns to Japan where the cult of Marici was fitted into
the modular ritualism of the medieval Tantric schools. Comparisons
are also made with the rituals of Marishiten as performed by
practitioners of Shugendo.
Chapter 6 deals with the Marici cult as it was viewed and
practiced by Japanese warriors. A number of unpublished warrior
documents are examined in this chapter in order to illuminate the
'warrior' Marishiten of Japan.
Chapter 7 provides an extensive examination of the significance
Marishiten held for the Japanese warrior.
Order No: AAC 9118640 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: SEKIMON SHINGAKU: THE POPULARIZATION OF THE LEARNING OF THE MIND IN EIGHTEENTH CENTURY JAPAN (RELIGIOUS EDUCATION, ZEN)
Author: SAWADA, JANINE ANDERSON
School: COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY (0054) Degree: PHD Date: 1990
pp: 671
Source: DAI-A 52/02, p. 571, Aug 1991
Subject: RELIGION, HISTORY OF (0320); HISTORY, ASIA, AUSTRALIA AND
OCEANIA (0332); EDUCATION, RELIGIOUS (0527)
Abstract: Sekimon Shingaku was a popular religious group of Tokugawa
Japan. It originated as a small study-circle centered on the merchant
Ishida Baigan (1685-1744), but grew into a large-scale movement after
his death. The dissertation is a historical analysis of the later
development of Shingaku, with particular emphasis on its program of
religious education. The discussion covers Shingaku ideas and
practices in the years in which Baigan's successor Teshima Toan
(1718-86) and his most important disciple, Nakazawa Doni (1725-1803),
were active as leaders--from about 1760 to 1803. During this period
the movement spread to most regions of Japan.
Shingaku literally means learning of the mind or heart. The
'learning of the mind' was an important strand of thought in the
Neo-Confucian revival of Sung China. Teshima Toan took inspiration
from this tradition of self-cultivation, as well as from popular Zen
teachings of the mind. He taught that the beginning of all learning
was the knowledge of one's own true nature or 'original mind.' Much
of Toan's energy was devoted to systemizing the process of achieving
and maintaining this internal knowledge. He especially sought to
present his teaching in forms that could be easily grasped by
uneducated common people.
This treatment gives particular attention to the function of
Neo-Confucian and Zen traditions in Shingaku religious and moral
education. The relative roles of these traditions in the movement
sheds light on the ways in which each was adaptable that through
their popular teaching methods, Teshima Toan and his followers
contributed to the development of education in early modern Japan.
Several Shingaku writings from this period have been translated from
the Japanese and are included in the Appendix.
Order No: AAC 9107879 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: THE PROBLEM OF THE HUMAN PERSON AND THE RESOLUTION OF THAT PROBLEM IN THE RELIGIO-PHILOSOPHICAL THOUGHT OF THE ZEN MASTER SHIN'ICHI HISAMATSU (JAPAN, BUDDHISM)
Author: ANTINOFF, STEVEN
School: TEMPLE UNIVERSITY (0225) Degree: PHD Date: 1990 pp: 289
Advisor: DEMARTINO, RICHARD
Source: DAI-A 51/11, p. 3790, May 1991
Subject: RELIGION, PHILOSOPHY OF (0322); PHILOSOPHY (0422); RELIGION, GENERAL (0318)
Abstract: This dissertation examines the understanding of the human
person in the thought of the Japanese Zen master Shin'ichi Hisamatsu
(1889-1980). The treatise seeks to (a) explicate Hisamatsu's
understanding of the root problem of human existence, (b) analyze the
awakening to the 'true Self without life-and-death even as it lives
and dies' which constitutes for Hisamatsu the resolution to that
problem, (c) delineate Hisamatsu's view of the method for achieving
this resolution, and (d) examine Hisamatsu's critique of traditional
Zen for its indifference to socio-political concerns.
(a) For Hisamatsu, human existence is inherently beset by a
fundamental problem or 'ultimate antinomy' which is the origin of the
basic anxiety and estrangement of human life. (b) As the locus of
this problem is the very nature of personhood--in consequence of the
awareness of transience and radical negativity concomitant with an
'I'-hood essentially characterized by the dualities of life and
death, value and disvalue--no resolution can occur within the matrix
of ordinary personhood, but only through the 'Great Death' of the 'I'
which is at once the awakening to the true Self. (c) The precondition
for this awakening is the actualization of the ultimate existential
impasse which Zen terms the 'great doubt block.' Hisamatsu defines
this impasse, which obtains when the tension between the demand for
and the impossibility of resolution is brought to its ultimate pitch,
as the combined absolute contradiction of the intellect, absolute
anguish of the emotions, and absolute dilemma of the will. He
contends that only with the actualization and subsequent breakup of
this supreme deadlock can the human predicament be resolved. (d)
Hisamatsu criticizes Zen for its exclusive preoccupation with the
ultimate human problem at the expense of socio-political
perplexities. He proposes a broadened Zen compassion which would
address both. Nevertheless, his proposal remains sentimental. The
thesis critiques this sentimentality primarily through the ideas of
Reinhold Niebuhr, who argued against similarly sentimentalized forms
of Christianity and secular thought during World War II. The author's
attack, while directed against Hisamatsu specifically, is intended as
a challenge to all Zen attempts at a political activity or 'Zen
ethics,' especially those which, in accordance with the long-standing
doctrine of ahimsa, hold Zen and Buddhism to an unconditional
pacifism.
Order No: NOT AVAILABLE FROM UMI ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: JESUS CHRIST AND THE JAPANESE 'WAY' (MICHI) (TAO)
Author: YAMAOKA, SANJI
School: PONTIFICIA UNIVERSITAS GREGORIANA (VATICAN) (1049)
Degree: THD Date: 1990 pp: 462
Source: DAI-C 53/04, p. 627, Winter 1992
Subject: THEOLOGY (0469)
Abstract: The development of the Japanese concept-'way' (michi)-was
made under the influence of Chinese culture on Japanese culture. An
observation on how the Japanese accepted the Chinese concept-'way'
(Tao)-of Taoism, Confucianism and Buddhism leads us to an
understanding of certain Japanese characteristics such as:
simplification, unity of soul and body, love of nature, and religious
value of being thought of as a fool and of the trivial matters of
daily life. These traits also flourished in the Japanese arts such as
J ud o and Chanoyu which have their roots especially in Zen Buddhism.
Since these arts are learned as a means of attaining the truth, each
student must have his own master, who takes the masters of the Zen
monasteries as their exemplars and ideal. Students are awakened to a
life of searching for eternal truth under their masters and they
return to daily life after they have attained the truth. If the
Ignatian exercitant makes the Spiritual Exercises following the
modern 'Christology from below' positioning himself from the
standpoint of the disciples of Jesus, he will gradually develop his
faith under the 'master' Jesus and discover Him as the 'Way' to His
Father, the eternal truth. The exercitant experiences the
resurrection of Jesus and then comes back to the world in order to
transmit his faith, actualized in his daily life. This process of
following Jesus, the Way, is well exemplified in methods proposed by
some Japanese Christians such as: the Christian-Zen exercises of
Master Kadowaki, S. J. and in the novels of S. End o.
Order No: AAC 9001359 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: AERIAL ABSORPTION AND TRANSLOCATION OF BORON IN PEACH TREES
Author: SHU, ZEN-HONG
School: CORNELL UNIVERSITY (0058) Degree: PHD Date: 1989
pp: 118
Source: DAI-B 50/09, p. 3787, Mar 1990
Subject: AGRICULTURE, PLANT CULTURE (0479); BIOLOGY, PLANT
PHYSIOLOGY (0817)
Abstract: The uptake and translocation of boron (B) in peach trees
was examined under field and greenhouse conditions. In vitro and in
vivo methods were used to identify and quantify the amount of B being
taken up and translocated by peach trees. Permeability coefficient
determined by using isolated leaf cuticle membranes was used as one
of the parameter of cuticle permeability. A new technique for tracing
B uptake and translocation in plants has been developed in this
project. The technique used a stable isotope of B, enriched
$/sp[10]$B-boric acid, as a tracer and analyzing the samples with an
ICP-AES (Inductively Coupled Argon Plasma Atomic Absorption
Spectrometer) for total B and an ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Argon
Plasma Mass Spectrometer) for $/sp[10]$B and $/sp[11]$B ratio. The
total amount of $/sp[10]$B increase was used primarily as the
parameters of B uptake and mobility.
B could be taken up by every plant part sprayed and translocated
to non-treated tissues. However, the total amount of B taken up was
small, ranging from 39.3 $/times$ 10$/sp[-3]$ $/mu$g by the
middle-shoot leaves to 267.1 $/times$ 10$/sp[-3]$ $/mu$g by the fruit
3 days after the treatment. Fruits were found to be the primary
sinks.
A time course study on the mobility and distribution pattern of B
in one-year-old peach trees showed that within 4 hours B could be
taken up and translocated bidirectionally to all plant parts, except
for fine root. The total $/sp[10]$B absorbed averaged 0.3% of the
total $/sp[10]$B applied. However, the total amount exported from the
treated leaf was more than 50% of the $/sp[10]$B absorbed.
The 1,200 ppm treatment had the highest $/sp[10]$B content found
in every plant tissue. Abaxial side cuticle application was more
efficient in B uptake than the adaxial side cuticle. There was little
difference among leaf position in taking up $/sp[10]$B. High relative
humidity (95% RH) increased $/sp[10]$B absorption.
The permeability coefficient of peach leaf adaxial cuticle was in
the order of 10$/sp[-7]$ cm.sec$/sp[-1]$. The mechanism of B uptake
by peach leaf slices involves both an active and a passive process
with the active uptake being most important.
Order No: AAC 1339497 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: COLLECTIVE IDENTITY AND SACRED SPACE: A STUDY OF SEVEN ZEN COMMUNITIES IN NORTHERN CALIFORNIA
Author: HACK, SHERYL N.
School: UNIVERSITY OF DELAWARE (WINTERTHUR PROGRAM) (6452)
Degree: MA Date: 1989 pp: 151
Source: MAI 28/03, p. 353, Fall 1990
Subject: AMERICAN STUDIES (0323); ANTHROPOLOGY, CULTURAL (0326);
ARCHITECTURE (0729)
Abstract: This thesis is a religious ethnography which utilizes the
landscape, architecture and objects created by and found within seven
Zen Center communities to understand the norms and operation of this
subculture, both in its own terms and in terms of the way in which it
differs from and interacts with the dominant American culture.
Following a brief history of Buddhism in the introduction, the
Zen Center communities are discussed in three chapters. Chapter One,
The Zen Environment, treats the physical environment (which includes
community sites, architectural and functional layouts, landscaping
and gardens, natural landscape features and characteristics, and the
derivation and meaning of component parts). The second chapter, The
Zen Life, presents the religious practices and philosophical premises
of the seven communities and discusses their choice and use of
objects. The third chapter focuses on Zen structures, both new and
adapted, as the physical embodiment of an amalgamated (American and
Japanese Buddhist) cultural tradition.
Fieldwork for this study was conducted during the summer of 1987
and included visiting each of the seven communities, participating in
meditation practice and chanting services, conducting interviews with
residents and teachers, and, as circumstances permitted, following
the daily schedule of meditation practice, meals and work.
Order No: AAC 8919156 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: DNA BINDING PROPERTIES OF DROSOPHILA HOMEO BOX PROTEINS
Author: HOEY, TIMOTHY CHARLES
School: COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY (0054) Degree: PHD Date: 1989
pp: 118
Source: DAI-B 50/05, p. 1739, Nov 1989
Subject: BIOLOGY, GENERAL (0306)
Abstract: The homeo box is 180 bp protein coding sequence that is
found in nearly all eukaryotes that have been investigated. Many
developmentally important genes in Drosophila share this homology. In
order to study the mechanisms of homeo box gene function in
development, we isolated previously unidentified homeo box genes in
Drosophila. For two of these genes, even-skipped (eve) and zerknullt
(zen), the complete nucleotide sequence was determined. Both eve and
zen encode sequence specific DNA binding proteins. Their DNA binding
properties were compared with those of other Drosophila homeo box
proteins. Four different proteins, sharing no more than 52% amino
acid identity within their homeo boxes are able to bind to sites
sharing the 10 bp consensus sequence, TCAATTAAAT. The eve protein is
able to recognize with equal affinity a second class of sites that
are GC-rich and do not share any obvious sequence similarity with the
first class. Several mutant eve proteins were tested for their
ability to recognize these two sequence motifs. The eve homeo box is
required for binding to both classes of sites. The eve homeo box and
non-homeo box regions are about equally important in determining the
binding specificity of the protein. Analysis of point mutations
within the homeo box indicates that the carboxyl-terminal region of
the homeo box is involved in protein-DNA affinity, and the amino
terminal part of the homeo box might mediate cooperative interactions
involved in DNA binding. In addition, three regions of the eve
promoter that are essential for its complex spatial pattern of
expression during embryogenesis were identified. The region between
$-$5.9 kb and $-$5.2 kb is necessary and sufficient for mediating eve
autoregulation. Promoter sequences between $-$4.7 kb and $-$3.0 kb
are required for the initiation stripe #3, and sequences between
$-$1.7 kb and $-$0.4 kb are needed for stripes #2 and #7. It is
possible that these regions mediate the regulation of eve expression
by the gap genes.
Order No: AAC 9010807 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: CHARACTERIZATION AND THERAPEUTIC ALTERATION OF THE BILIARY EXCRETION AND ENTEROHEPATIC CYCLING OF ZEARALENONE IN SEXUALLY IMMATURE SWINE
Author: BIEHL, MICHAEL LEROY
School: UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN (0090)
Degree: PHD Date: 1989 pp: 219
Advisor: BUCK, WILLIAM B.
Source: DAI-B 50/11, p. 4934, May 1990
Subject: BIOLOGY, VETERINARY SCIENCE (0778); AGRICULTURE, ANIMAL
PATHOLOGY (0476)
Abstract: The purposes of these studies were to characterize the
biliary excretion and enterohepatic cycling (EHC) of zearlenone (ZEN)
in young pigs and to therapeutically mimic the effect of bile removal
in enhancing body clearance of ZEN. ($/sp3$H) ZEN was administered
intravenously (IV), orally, and intravenously with bile removal (IVB)
to female, 10-to 14-week-old pigs. The biological half life of total
plasma radioactivity in IV and orally dosed pigs (86.6 hrs.) was much
greater than that of IVB pigs (3.34 hrs.). Secondary peaks in plasma
metabolite concentrations were seen during the terminal elimination
phase in IV and oral animals and metabolites were still detectable at
48 hrs. postdosing. In IVB pigs, these peaks were absent, relative
metabolite profiles were altered and ZEN and metabolites were no
longer detectable after 16 hrs. Biliary recovery of radioactivity,
principally as glucuronide conjugates was extensive (45.61 $/pm$
4.73%) and significantly greater than that of fecal recovery in IV
(6.56 $/pm$ 0.78%) or oral (21.74 $/pm$ 1.56%) pigs. Absorption of
ZEN from the intestinal tract was estimated to be 80-85%.
Intraduodenal administration of bile containing ($/sp3$H) ZEN and
glucuronide metabolites resulted in recovery of 64.5 $/pm$ 4.89% of
the dose in bile, 20.78 $/pm$ 3.94% in urine, and the presence of
glucuronide conjugates of ZEN and $/alpha$-zearalenol (ZEL) in portal
and jugular plasma. Evidence for metabolism of ZEN by the intestinal
mucosa was present.
A pharmacokinetic compartmental model for the disposition of
intravenously administered ZEN and metabolites in swine is proposed.
The mean terminal elimination rate and corresponding biological half
life for ZEN in IV pigs was 0.03 hr$/sp[-1]$ and 28.97 hrs.,
respectively, and for IVB pigs 0.24 hr$/sp[-1]$ and 2.94 hrs.
In another study, oral superactivated charcoal (SAC) altered the
disposition of ($/sp3$H) ZEN in swine in a manner similar to total
bile removal (EHC interrupted). Glucuronide conjugates were not
detectable in plasma after 12 hours with either treatment and fecal
recovery of radioactivity in pigs given SAC (30.2 $/pm$ 9.6%) was
similar to biliary recovery (32.3 $/pm$ 12.0%) in the other treatment
group. 15% dietary alfalfa did not appear to have a significant
overall effect.
The above findings indicate that biliary excretion and EHC are
major factors influencing the disposition of ZEN in pigs and that
oral SAC may be therapeutically effective in altering the EHC
process.
Order No: NOT AVAILABLE FROM UMI ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: A COMBINED EULER EQUATION/SURFACE PANEL SOLUTION TO THE SHEAR INTERACTION PROBLEM OF AN OPEN OR DUCTED PROPELLER
Author: SHIH, WEI-ZEN
School: MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (0753) Degree: PHD
Date: 1989
Source: ADD X1989
Subject: ENGINEERING, MARINE AND OCEAN (0547); ENGINEERING,
HYDRAULIC (0545)
Order No: AAC 9018429 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: INELASTIC ANALYSIS OF LAMINATED COMPOSITES (METAL MATRIX, POLYMER MATRIX)
Author: HONG, BOR ZEN
School: RENSSELAER POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE (0185) Degree: PHD
Date: 1989 pp: 251
Advisor: KREMPL, ERHARD
Source: DAI-B 51/01, p. 384, Jul 1990
Subject: ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL (0548); ENGINEERING, MATERIALS
SCIENCE (0794)
Abstract: In an extension of classical laminate theory for in-plane
loading and bending two new theories of rate-dependent behavior are
introduced. It is assumed that the ply behavior can be represented by
orthotropic continuum theories representative of metal matrix or
polymer matrix behavior. The simplified orthotropic viscoplasticity
theory based on overstress which does not use a yield surface and
loading/unloading conditions is the basis of the formulations. It can
represent rate sensitivity, creep and relaxation in a unified way.
The inelastic strain rate is solely a function of overstress, the
difference between stress and the equilibrium stress which is state
variable of the theory. The growth law for the equilibrium stress is
incremental for the modeling of metal matrix laminates and is the
repository for modeling hysteresis and permanent set after inelastic
deformation. For polymer matrix composites the equilibrium stress
depends solely on strain and therefore no permanent set can be
modeled. Ease of use and formulations with a minimum number of
material constants are the goal of both material models.
The governing equations for in-plane loading and bending for
arbitrary lay-ups are established. They consist of a set of coupled,
nonlinear, stiff ordinary differential equations which must be
integrated numerically for either strain or stress boundary
conditions. This is accomplished by a FORTRAN program which uses the
IMSL routine DGEAR.
A semi-empirical method is established which assumes the rate
dependence and allows the determination of the material constants of
the theory from limited test data. Numerical experiments demonstrate
that the theory can match off-axis lamina stress-strain diagrams of
B/Al, FP/Al and of laminates made of these materials. Similar
demonstrations are done for polymer matrix composites and their
laminates include Glass/Epoxy, Boron/Epoxy, Graphite/Epoxy,
Kevlar/Epoxy and Graphite/Polyimide.
The theory is easy to use and constitutes an effective tool for
the analysis of laminates operating under conditions in which
rate-dependent behavior (included are rate sensitivity, creep and
relaxation) are important. This is especially true for laminates
subjected to high temperature service.
Order No: AAC 8925558 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: JOURNEYS TOWARD THE ORIGINAL MIND: THE LONGER POEMS OF GARY SNYDER
Author: SCHULER, ROBERT JORDAN
School: UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA (0130) Degree: PHD Date: 1989
pp: 258
Source: DAI-A 50/07, p. 2056, Jan 1990
Subject: LITERATURE, AMERICAN (0591); RELIGION, GENERAL (0318)
Abstract: This study offers the first comprehensive examination and
explication of Gary Snyder's long poems, Myths & Texts and Mountains
and Rivers Without End. Myths & Texts explores one of the fundamental
issues of our time, the destruction of nature, and sets forth a
series of sophisticated steps, based on Snyder's knowledge of
Vajrayana and Zen Buddhism, Amerindian cultures, and ecology, by
which humans can achieve moral and spiritual harmony with her.
Mountains and Rivers Without End comprises a series of experimental
poems that expand upon themes adumbrated in Myths & Texts: the
alienation of humans from nature and self, conditions caused
primarily by capitalism and the spiritual confusions it initiates,
and the search for the proper relationship between humans and nature,
finally discovered in the Enlightenment experience and 'healing
songs,' poetic celebrations of the unity between man and nature.
Snyder has fashioned many poetic versions of the Enlightenment
experience and the 'healing song,' both discoveries of the 'original
mind'.
At the heart of Snyder's poetics rests the concept of 'original
mind,' that state of mind which has been sensually, morally, and
spiritually purified so that it can directly experience the truth of
the universe, the Dharma, 'the grain of things in the larger picture'
(Snyder, The Real Work 112). The powers of 'original mind' are most
fully displayed by the shaman, the Bodhisattva, and the poet, figures
which play major roles in Myths & Texts and Mountains and Rivers
Without End.
This study proceeds beyond previous critical works on Snyder's
poetry in four ways: it considers, in depth, all of the sections of
Myths & Texts and all of the poems that presently constitute
Mountains and Rivers, a career-long project of Snyder's; it employs
anthropological, mythological, theological, and ecological materials,
arising from the birthplaces of 'original mind,' to further
illuminate its literary insights; it fully traces the key theme of
Snyder's poetics, the 'original mind,' throughout the poems;
moreover, the critical approach unifies the main strands of Snyder's
longer poetry as it has developed from 1960 to the present.
Order No: AAC 9003327 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: AN ORIGINAL RELATION TO THE UNIVERSE: EMERSONIAN POETICS OF IMMANENCE AND CONTEMPORARY AMERICAN HAIKU (THOREAU, WHITMAN)
Author: LYNCH, THOMAS PAUL
School: UNIVERSITY OF OREGON (0171) Degree: PHD Date: 1989
pp: 321
Advisor: LOVE, GLEN A.
Source: DAI-A 50/09, p. 2897, Mar 1990
Subject: LITERATURE, AMERICAN (0591); LITERATURE, ASIAN (0305); PHILOSOPHY (0422)
Abstract: This dissertation is a study of contemporary American
haiku poetry as a conjunction of the Emersonian tradition in American
literature with the Japanese haiku tradition.
I begin by exploring the relationship between the transcendental
philosophy of Emerson, Thoreau, and Whitman and Asian philosophy. I
suggest that contact with Asian texts was not so much a formative
influence on the transcendentalists as it was confirmation of
tendencies they had begun to express before their exposure to Eastern
thought--tendencies which I argue have come to characterize a major
tradition in American literature.
I cite affinities between Buddhism, especially the Zen sect, and
characteristically 'Emersonian' ideas such as the Edenic impulse, the
Essential Self, divine immanence, the effacement of the
subject/object dichotomy, and the possibility of an 'original
relation to the universe.'
I then trace the development of haiku in Japan, emphasizing the
importance of the Zen perspective. I look particularly closely at the
poetics of Basho and some of the modern theories of haiku expressed
by poets such as Shiki and Seisensui.
This is followed by a brief discussion of the influence of the
haiku genre in American poetry up to the second world war, and the
development of a true haiku tradition with the Beat poets and others
in the 1950's.
I then explore the beginning of the 'haiku movement' in the
1960's as it was expressed through the theoretical debates in the
haiku journals. I conclude with an in-depth analysis of the work of
ten of the most important contemporary haiku poets--John Wills, Cor
van den Heuvel, Gary Hotham, Anita Virgil, Lee J. Richmond, Raymond
Roseliep, Alexis Rotella, George Swede, Marlene Mountain, and Bob
Boldman. I relate their work to the concerns of the larger community
of American haiku poets as well as to the issues previously discussed
in connection with the transcendentalists and the Japanese haiku
poets.
Order No: AAC NN60773 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: AMERICAN NATURE WRITING IN THE AGE OF ECOLOGY: CHANGING PERCEPTIONS, CHANGING FORMS (DILLARD ANNIE, LOPEZ BARRY, MATTHIESSEN PETER, ABBEY EDWARD)
Author: RAGLON, REBECCA SUE
School: QUEEN'S UNIVERSITY AT KINGSTON (CANADA) (0283)
Degree: PHD Date: 1989 pp: 215
Source: DAI-A 52/11, p. 3930, May 1992
Subject: LITERATURE, AMERICAN (0591)
ISBN: 0-315-60773-4
Abstract: Nature writing emerging from the 'age of ecology' includes
three fundamental features. First, there is a growing awareness of
the separation between humans and nature. Second, a need is expressed
to find a way to regain an entry into nature. Finally there is a
perception that 'self' must be defined in terms which include the
world. Annie Dillard, Barry Lopez, Peter Matthiessen and Edward Abbey
are diverse writers who nevertheless share these fundamental concerns
of nature writing. In addition, they have also explored diverse ways
of approaching nature which are reflected in the varied styles of
their work. In examining their work, it is possible to see that
narrow definitions of nature writing must be extended to include not
only nonfiction, but must also embrace elements of fiction,
autobiography, travel and history, if the true complexity of nature
is to be reflected.
After examining the three fundamental characteristics of
contemporary nature writing, the genre's history is examined. Of
importance is its antecedents in natural history and the more recent
influence of developments in ecology. While the genre's relationship
to the development of scientific thought is significant, it is also
established that rather than existing in a partnership with science,
the genre offers a critique of instrumental thought. Finally, the
genre's literary background is examined, and it shown that while
nature is frequently used as a background for the human drama in
American literature, nature writers offer an alternative vision which
contradicts both the belief in environmental reform and the idea of a
designified nature.
Next the work of the four authors is examined. Annie Dillard is
the most traditional of the four but her concerns predate the secular
implications of the trancendentalists as she focuses on the religious
wilderness experience. While many of her themes are traditional, she
reanimates them with an intensity which is new. Barry Lopez chooses
another path when he examines the complex system of human belief
which surrounds any natural phenomenon, concluding that although no
animal or landscape can be known absolutely, this should be no reason
for anxiety. Rather, the fact that landscape ultimately eludes the
writer's probing, is a reason to cultivate an attitude of humbleness
which has been lacking in the human relationship to the earth. Peter
Matthiessen is a writer who takes a life-long concern with natural
history and blends it with his training as a Zen Buddhist. One result
of this blend is Far Tortuga, a novel which experiments with the idea
of an ecological form. Finally, the comic and satirical works of
Edward Abbey are examined both in terms of a philosophical tradition
which has tended to elevate the idea of the tragic over a comic view
of life, and in terms of a more practical call for action to save the
earth. Taken altogether, it is demonstrated that nature writing is a
vibrant genre that touches on issues of supreme importance to the
human heart.
Order No: AAC 9006359 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: POETRY IN MOTION: THE LINKED-VERSE MASTER SOCHO AND HIS JOURNAL, 'SOCHO SHUKI'
Author: HORTON, HARRY MACK, III
School: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY (0028) Degree: PHD
Date: 1989 pp: 855
Advisor: MCCULLOUGH, WILLIAM H.
Source: DAI-A 50/09, p. 2901, Mar 1990
Subject: LITERATURE, ASIAN (0305); HISTORY, ASIA, AUSTRALIA ANDOCEANIA (0332)
Abstract: The dissertation contains a biography of the Japanese
linked-verse (renga) master Saiokuken Socho (1448-1532) and a study
of the longest and best of his five diaries, Socho shuki (1522-27).
Socho was one of the greatest practitioners of the renga art during
its golden age, and his journal is a basic source of information on
his own life and work and on the cultural history of the Country at
War (Sengoku Jidai).
Part One of the study begins with Socho's early service with the
Imagawa daimyo in Suruga (Shizuoka Prefecture) and his years in Kyoto
with the renga master Sogi and the Zen eccentric Ikkyu. Chapter Two
details his subsequent return to Suruga and the culturally inclined
Imagawa house, and Chapter Three provides a complementary description
of his wide network of acquaintances beyond the Imagawa purview. The
biography ends with Socho's troubled last years under a new Imagawa
regime.
The study of Socho shuki begins with a summary of the two round
trips it chronicles between Suruga and the Capital and an overview of
its style and constituent genres. Chapter Six provides a study of
Socho shuki as travel literature (kiko bungaku), with a comparison to
two works in the neoclassic mold by Sogi, Shirakawa kiko (1468) and
Tsukushi michi no ki (1480). Chapter Seven provides a complementary
study of Socho shuki as hermitage literature soan bungaku in relation
to one of Socho's own solo linked-verse sequences, Yamaga hyakuin
(1511), and three earlier models of rengashi soan prose, Oi no
kurigoto (1473) by Shinkei and Muanki (1513) and San'aiki (1516) by
Shohaku. A study of the poetry in Socho shuki follows in Chapter
Eight, divided into orthodox renga, waka, and then haikai, the last
in conjunction with the early haikai anthology Shinsen inu tsukubashu
(c. 1532). The final chapter reemphasizes the blend of neoclassicism
and unorthodoxy that characterizes Socho's life and work and
speculates on the influence of the Sogi and Ikkyu models.
Order No: AAC 1339133 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: BUDDHISM IN KUROSAWA'S FILMS: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS (FILMS, JAPANESE FILMS)
Author: JAN, FEEI-CHING
School: CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, FRESNO (6050) Degree: MA
Date: 1989 pp: 188
Advisor: LANE, PHILIP J.
Source: MAI 28/03, p. 327, Fall 1990
Subject: MASS COMMUNICATIONS (0708); CINEMA (0900); RELIGION, GENERAL (0318)
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine Akira Kurosawa's
films in determining the nature and the extent to which they reflect
Buddhism. Kurosawa's twenty-seven films were divided into four
categories--classic drama, literature adaptation, adventure, and
contemporary scene. Rashomon, Ran, Seven Samurai, and Ikiru were
chosen for analysis from each of these categories, respectively. The
major themes of Kurosawa's films--good and evil, heroism, humanism,
and reality versus illusion--served as dependent variables. The
universally accepted teachings of Gautama Buddha, augmented with Zen
Buddhism, served as instruments of analysis. Thus, by means of
comparison, The Four Noble Truths, karma, individual responsibility,
interrelatedness of existence, and compassion were used to identify
and illuminate the Buddhistic characteristics of Kurosawa's four
chosen films. This study confirms that, insofar as these four films
indicate, Kurosawa's films reveal a Buddhistic spirit.
Order No: AAC 9011418 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: PARADOX AND THE WAYS OF RELIGION
Author: JENKINS, VICKI LYNN
School: UNIVERSITY OF NOTRE DAME (0165) Degree: PHD Date: 1989
pp: 315
Source: DAI-A 50/12, p. 3980, Jun 1990
Subject: PHILOSOPHY (0422); RELIGION, PHILOSOPHY OF (0322)
Abstract: The prominence of paradox in diverse philosophical
enterprises and religious traditions suggests the difficulty of
completely and consistently knowing and articulating the objective,
intersubjective, and subjective dimensions of reality. Although this
study examines the nature of such paradox, its motivating concern is
the exploration of the conceptual and contextual dynamics which
contribute to both the enduring power of paradox and the diverse ways
of responding to it. In particular, the focus of this study concerns
the ways in which paradox is understood and responded to in the
religious context, and thus it involves two distinct yet
interconnected projects. Part I investigates the general nature of
paradox and stipulates two identifying criteria. The content and
context of several kinds of paradoxes are analyzed, leading to the
construction of typologies of form, composition and method.
Reflections on the role of the objective, intersubjective and
subjective in paradox give rise to my central typology, the response
to paradox as problem, riddle, or mystery. Part II examines more
explicitly the relationship between paradox and the religious. After
defining the religious and explicating what it means to respond to
paradox as a problem, riddle, or mystery in the specifically
religious context, I examine three cases of the religious response to
paradox. Advaita Vedanta is analyzed as exemplifying the problematic
response, Zen Buddhism as representative of the riddlic response, and
Soren Kierkegaard as characteristic of responding to paradox as
mystery. These case studies reveal what it has actually meant to
respond to paradox in a particular manner and what effect that
orientation has on the understanding of the source, nature,
description and assessment of paradox. This conjointly analytical and
empirical study provides a typological framework which reveals three
distinct modes of responding to paradox, thereby expanding the
traditional philosophical preoccupation with merely the form and
formal resolution of paradox, and suggest some insights into the
relationship between paradox and the religious. No attempt is made to
adjudicate among problem, riddle, and mystery, for it is this
author's contention that the manner in which one responds to paradox
is as much a complex choice or commitment as a logical conclusion.
Order No: AAC 8926218 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: PLAYFUL NONDUALITY: JAPANESE ZEN INTERPRETATIONS OF LANDSCAPE PAINTINGS FROM THE OEI ERA (1394-1427)
Author: PARKER, JOSEPH D.
School: HARVARD UNIVERSITY (0084) Degree: PHD Date: 1989
pp: 380
Source: DAI-A 50/08, p. 2533, Feb 1990
Subject: RELIGION, HISTORY OF (0320); LITERATURE, ASIAN (0305); FINE ARTS (0357)
Abstract: This thesis explores Zen Buddhist conceptions of nature
and art as found in ink painting inscriptions from early Muromachi
Japan. I discuss (and translate in an appendix) prose inscriptions by
Gido Shushin (1326-89) and four younger contemporaries, all abbots of
important Zen temples, advisors to the military government, and
cultural and religious leaders. My primary interest is in their
interpretation of landscape poetry and painting, rather than problems
of attribution and painting style. I suggest that their cultural
activities were founded on a nondualism of the sacred and profane, a
fundamentally Buddhist vision of religious expression borrowing
elements from Indian and Chinese Buddhism, Chinese court literature,
and Taoist and Neo-Confucian philosophy.
I begin by exploring the general religious issue of the relation
of sacred and profane, based on the influential work of Mircea
Eliade, Victor Turner, and Roger Caillois. In my second chapter I
first survey the approach to artistic interpretation of three Chinese
Zen monks from the late thirteenth century who had formative roles in
Japanese Zen. I also examine the aesthetics of Northern Sung and Yuan
Chinese literati who the Japanese monks idealized. In the third
chapter I review the biographies of the monks and the extent
landscape paintings from the Oei period.
I develop my main argument through three themes in their painting
inscriptions: Buddhist illusion; playfulness as enlightened activity;
and the mind. In Chapter Four I examine conceptions of illusion in
Indian and Chinese Buddhist texts, especially their importance for
the nondualistic conception of religious and artistic interpretation.
Chapter Five centers on the interplay of sacred and profane in
Buddhism, Taoism, and Chinese literati 'ink play.' The Buddhist
character of their reading of landscape art is also seen in the
application of the 'hermit at court' theme to their lives in the
metropolitan Zen temples, which I discuss in Chapter Six. I conclude
by comparing mind in Zen and Neo-Confucian religious
self-cultivation; by arguing that landscape was 'attained in the
mind,' the Japanese monks accommodated diverse religious and
aesthetic theories to Zen conceptions of religious value.
Order No: AAC 8920208 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: FACETS OF THE LIFE AND TEACHING OF CHAN MASTER YUNMEN WENYAN (864-949). (VOLUMES I AND II) (CHINA)
Author: APP, URS ERWIN
School: TEMPLE UNIVERSITY (0225) Degree: PHD Date: 1989 pp: 366
Advisor: DEMARTINO, RICHARD
Source: DAI-A 50/06, p. 1695, Dec 1989
Subject: RELIGION, HISTORY OF (0320)
Abstract: This dissertation informs about the life and teaching of
one of China's most prominent Chan masters, Yunmen Wenyan sk40 (jap.
Ummon Bun'en, 864-949). As the founder of one of China's five Chan
lineages or 'houses' (wujia sk30) Yunmen played an important role in
Chan/Zen history. However, this dissertation does not investigate
Yunmen's historical role and influence; rather, it constitutes the
first book-length attempt to present the known facts about Yunmen's
life and to throw light on some facets of his teaching.
Information about Yunmen's life stems from stone inscriptions and
various other texts; the first chapter includes a concise biography
of the Master based on a critical analysis of the most reliable
biographical sources and a translation of the biographical part of
the earliest stone inscription. The notes to this translation take
all important biographical sources materials into account.
The major source for the investigation of Yunmen's teaching is a
text in three volumes, the Extensive Records of Yunmen (Yunmen
guanglu sk50). The history and structure of this text are analyzed in
the second chapter. Although the oldest extant version of this text
dates from 1267, early quotes as well as fragments of and
commentaries to older texts indicate that the bulk of the extant text
is likely to be a relatively trustworthy record of Yunmen's teaching.
In the third and fourth chapters many instructions by and
conversations with the Master are translated and analyzed in a
structured fashion. Analyses are given of the students' questions and
of their core problem, of the way to overcome this problem, of the
Master's teaching patterns and methods (with particular attention to
questioning and challenge), of Yunmen's view of his own role as
teacher, of the role of doubt and gongan sk35(jap. koan), of
breakthrough, of non-daulistic freedom, and of the expression of
awakening.
Order No: AAC 9122311 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: THE GROWTH OF THE SOTO ZEN TRADITION IN MEDIEVAL JAPAN. (VOLUMES I AND II) (BUDDHISM)
Author: BODIFORD, WILLIAM MARVIN
School: YALE UNIVERSITY (0265) Degree: PHD Date: 1989 pp: 730
Advisor: WEINSTEIN, STANLEY
Source: DAI-A 52/03, p. 959, Sep 1991
Subject: RELIGION, HISTORY OF (0320); HISTORY, ASIA, AUSTRALIA AND OCEANIA (0332)
Abstract: This dissertation examines the early religious history of
the Japanese Soto Zen school during the medieval period when the Soto
school acquired both its wide-spread networks of rural monasteries
and many of the religious tendencies that still characterize it
today.
During this formative medieval period, the Soto school rapidly
expanded from a single, small, exclusive monastic community to
several extended networks of temples spread throughout the rural
areas of nearly every Japanese province. To these areas Soto monks
brought a level of religious expertise that formerly had been
unavailable. They introduced new rituals for worldly benefit and for
personal salvation that have little connection with the teachings of
Dogen (1200-1253), the founder of Japanese Soto, or with Zen as it
has been described previously by Westerners.
This dissertation, based on original sources and on
reexaminations of interpretations advanced by previous scholars,
comprises two main sections: (a) a history of the growth of the
medieval Soto school, followed by (b) an analysis of several
significant medieval Soto practices. The first section describes
patterns of regional growth and popularization, the activities of
Keizan Jokin (1264-1325), the development of temple networks, and the
roles of Eiheiji and Sojiji monasteries. The second section analyzes
the development of new techniques for instruction in Zen koan, the
popularization of ordinations for laymen, and the soteriological
roles of Zen funerals. These practices still remain important issues
in modern Japanese Soto Zen.
In explicating these topics, this dissertation not only
introduces previously unexplored areas of Japanese religious life,
but also reveals the patterns of development by which the medieval
Soto school integrated monastic Zen training with Japanese traditions
to function as a religion for laymen who themselves had not practiced
Zen.
Order No: AAC 1338982 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: CULTIVATING THE EMPTY FIELD: TRANSLATIONS WITH INTRODUCTION FROM THE EXTENSIVE RECORD OF CHAN MASTER HONGZHI ZHENGJUE (1091-1157) (BUDDHISM, ZEN MEDITATION, CHINA)
Author: LEIGHTON, TAIGEN DANIEL
School: CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF INTEGRAL STUDIES (0392)
Degree: MA Date: 1989 pp: 161
Source: MAI 28/03, p. 352, Fall 1990
Subject: RELIGION, PHILOSOPHY OF (0322); RELIGION, HISTORY OF (0320); RELIGION, CLERGY (0319)
Abstract: The twelfth century Chan Master Hongzhi Zhengjue
(Hung-chih Cheng-chueh in Wade-Giles Chinese transliteration, Wanshi
Shogaku in Japanese) was important in the development of zen
meditation. He articulated silent illumination, the nondual
objectless meditation called shikan taza 'just sitting' in Japan,
which is strikingly similar to Tibetan Dzogchen and Mahamudra
meditations. He also originated the 'Book of Serenity,' a major
collection of koans, and was a primary influence for Dogen, the
brilliant Japanese zen pioneer.
This thesis is an annotated translation of Hongzhi's eloquent and
inspiring practice instructions and a selection of his poems. The
introduction includes a biography and discussions of Hongzhi's
context in the Caodong (Japanese: Soto) Zen tradition; the practical
relevancy of Hongzhi's teachings as highlighted by the critique of
his contemporary Dahui; and Hongzhi's influence on his successor
Dogen's teachings of just-sitting, introspective insight, and
dropping body and mind.
Order No: AAC 9127852 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: CONSTRUCTIVISM IN ZEN BUDDHISM, PARAMARTHA AND ECKHART (BUDDHISM)
Author: FORMAN, ROBERT KRAUS-CONRAD
School: COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY (0054) Degree: PHD Date: 1989
pp: 308
Source: DAI-A 52/06, p. 2176, Dec 1991
Subject: RELIGION, PHILOSOPHY OF (0322); RELIGION, GENERAL (0318)
Abstract: This is a study of the epistemological and etiological
character of certain mystical experiences: the Pure Consciousness
Event (PCE), a wakeful, contentless (non-intentional, objectless)
consciousness.
The dissertation begins with a review and discussion of the
epistemological model and arguments put forward in the 'received
view' on mysticism--that of Steven Katz, Jerry Gill, Wayne Proudfoot,
William Wainwright and others--that all mystical experiences are in
whole or in part constructed from the beliefs and concepts which the
subject brings to them. This 'constructivist' position is shown to
have the virtue of highlighting the differences between the thought
of mystics of different cultures. But constructivism is criticized as
having (1) assumed an unwarranted parallel between mysticism and
ordinary (especially sensory) experience; (2) assumed the unproven
and implausible claim that all possible forms of consciousness are
intentional; (3) committed the fallacy of begging the question
concerning certain counter-examples; (4) argued from an unstated and
undefended claim of a parallelism between mystical and ordinary
experience; and (5) not proven that particular mystical experiences
are in fact so constructed. The position cannot elegant account for
the novelty of experience for which mysticism is renowned.
Furthermore constructivism must also claim that mystical authors are
mistaken when they note that language and concepts do not enter into
their experiences. Indeed the constructivists must argue that
principle strands of an entire tradition (Mahayana Buddhism) are
mistaken--which comes to a sophisticated form of special pleading.
The Pure Consciousness Event is identified in Buddhist authors
(Dogen, Buddhagosha, Paramartha, Rosen Takashina), Christian writers
(Meister Eckhart, Bernadette Roberts), and recent adepts of the
Transcendental Meditation and other techniques. It is correlated with
unusual physiological parameters, notably the absence of breathing.
Finally a new model for the etiology of mystical experiences is
proposed, that of forgetting/deautomatization, and shown to
satisfactorily describe mystical techniques and predict the
phenomenological and physiological parameters.
Order No: AAC 9012094 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: DISSONANCE IN A WORKING SITUATION AS THE PRIMORDIAL CALL TO CONSONANCE IN THE INDIVIDUAL
Author: STANGL, MARY SUSAN
School: DUQUESNE UNIVERSITY (0067) Degree: PHD Date: 1989
pp: 964
Source: DAI-A 50/12, p. 3988, Jun 1990
Subject: RELIGION, PHILOSOPHY OF (0322); PSYCHOLOGY, INDUSTRIAL
(0624)
Abstract: This dissertation is a theoretical-practical investigation
of how dissonance, or conflict in a working situation, can bring
individuals to a more authentic sense of themselves, and in so doing,
effect consonance or greater personal well-being. Adhering to the
dialectical and integrational research method of the Science of
Foundational Human Formation, the research investigates the
structures and dynamics of: (1) dissonance in a working situation;
(2) appraisal as a means of moving from dissonance to consonance; and
(3) consonance as it can be experienced in professional life.
Experientially based, this methodology takes into account the
relevant contributions of the arts, sciences and
classical/contemporary formation traditions concerning dissonance in
a working situation as the primordial call to consonance in the
individual. The research concludes that, at the primordial level,
dissonance in a working situation can effect greater consonance and
well-being in the individual if the individual so chooses.
The research covers five divisions. Division One deals with the
formation problem from a universal perspective so that its findings
concerning the dissonance-consonance paradigm in professional life
may be applicable to everyone. Division Two investigates the
formation problem within the context of Mahayana Zen-Buddhism
bringing into focus a variety of work-life directives from this
Eastern faith and formation tradition. Division Three investigates
the research problem in, light of the Christian faith and formation
tradition disclosing foundational Christian work-life directives as
they are sourced in the Trinitarian Mystery and involve
transformation of life and world. Division Four practically applies
the insights and findings of Divisions One, Two and Three to a
specific population segment of career-oriented Christian lay women.
In so doing, Division Four highlights particular aspects of the
research problem in the lives of professional Christian lay women.
Division Five concludes the research by articulating its conclusions,
summarizing the principle obstacles and facilitating conditions
regarding the research topic, and locating its findings within the
ever-expanding body of the Science of Foundational Human Formation.
Order No: AAC 9001605 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: ROBUST LINEAR DISCRIMINANT PROCEDURES USING PROJECTION PURSUIT METHODS
Author: CHEN, ZEN-YI
School: THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN (0127) Degree: PHD Date: 1989
pp: 147
Advisor: MUIRHEAD, ROBB J.; THELEN, BRIAN J.
Source: DAI-B 50/08, p. 3561, Feb 1990
Subject: STATISTICS (0463)
Abstract: Two projection indices are proposed for the construction
of robust 2-sample linear discriminant functions using projection
pursuit methods. The first robust projection index robustifies the
classical Fisher ratio of between-class variation to within-class
variation. The second is the total (weighted) error rate, and here
the estimators of the cutoff points involved in their calculations
are robustified. Based on these projection indices, robust linear
discriminant functions are constructed using a numerical projection
pursuit optimization algorithm. In addition, various cutoff points,
in forming robust linear discriminant procedures, are implemented,
and Monte Carlo studies are conducted in a well-designed setting. The
results show that projection pursuit discriminant functions, derived
from robustified indices, perform well under various distributional
situations with regard to their empirical error rates. At the same
time, the use of a rank cutoff, an adaptive cutoff, or a robustified
cutoff enhances the robustness of associated discriminant procedures.
In general, the discriminant procedures constructed from the second
projection index are more robust than those constructed from the
first index in terms of error rates. From the demonstration of our
Monte Carlo study, we have introduced a feasible procedure for the
construction of robust linear discriminant functions using projection
pursuit methods in optimizing a robustified projection index.
From a theoretical point of view, this study first defines
projection pursuit measures (estimates) of our two proposed indices,
as well as their associated discriminant coefficient vectors. Under
some restrictions of interest, we derive the qualitative robustness,
the breakdown points, and the influence functions for the projection
pursuit measures (estimates) of our projection indices in any given
projection axis. The linear discriminant functions, constructed by
the projection pursuit estimates of associated discriminant
coefficient vectors, are expected to be robust in the same sense as
the robustness of the corresponding projection indices. Lachenbruch
(1982) pointed out: 'A formal definition of robustness of
discriminant function in the sense of Huber (1981) is not presently
available.' Based on our theoretical derivations of robustified
projection indices in the sense of Huber (1981) and Hampel et al.
(1986), we have provided a stepping-stone in achieving this goal.
Order No: AAC 8902540 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: A DEVELOPMENT GENETIC ANALYSIS OF LABIAL AND DEFORMED AND THEIR RELATIONSHIPS TO OTHER GENES OF THE ANTENNAPEDIA COMPLEX INVOLVED IN DROSOPHILA HEAD DEVELOPMENT
Author: MERRILL, VALERIE K. L.
School: INDIANA UNIVERSITY (0093) Degree: PHD Date: 1988
pp: 139
Source: DAI-B 49/10, p. 4117, Apr 1989
Subject: BIOLOGY, GENERAL (0306); BIOLOGY, GENETICS (0369)
Abstract: The Antennapedia Complex (ANT-C) of Drosophila
melanogaster contains five homoeotic loci--genes whose absence or
misregulation results in transformation of one segment of the
identity of another. These genes are necessary to produce a fly with
a normal anterior end. The work presented here includes the
characterization of mutations in two of the loci, Deformed (Dfd) and
labial (lab), and the construction and analysis of various pair-wise
combinations of ANT-C homoeotic mutations.
Dfd is located between Sex combs reduced (Scr) and zerknullt
(zen) in the ANT-C. The embryonic phenotype of Dfd$/sp-$ animals is
the absence of a subset of the structure derived from the maxillary
lobe, the mandibular lobe, and some more anterior segment, as
determined by cuticle preparations and scanning electron micrographs.
Temperature shift experiments have shown that for viability Dfd$/sp+$
function is necessary from three to ten hours of embryogenesis and
during the first half of pupation. The Dfd$/sp-$ adult phenotype,
assessed in somatic clones and rare survivors of crosses involving
hypomorphic alleles of Dfd$/sp[r]$, consists of a transformation of
dorsal posterior head to mesothorax and a deletion of ventral head
structures such as the maxillary palps.
The proximal-most gene in the ANT-C is lab. The embryonic
phenotype of lab$/sp-$ consists of the absence of derivatives of the
three gnathocephalic segments and improper formation of the frontal
sac. Temperature shift experiments demonstrate that lab function is
necessary for viability from four to sixteen hours of embryogenesis.
In the adult, the lab$/sp-$ phenotype consists of disruption and
deletion of the normal stuctures in the maxillary palp region and
duplication of bristles plus production of a mesothoracic spiracle on
the posterior head.
Double mutant chromosomes possessing pair-wise combinations of
the homoeotic loci of the ANT-C have been constructed and analyzed to
determine the terminal phenotype of each combination. More than
additive phenotypes are seen in embryos of the following genotypes:
lab$/sp-$Scr$/sp-$, Dfd$/sp-$Scr$/sp-$, and
Dfd$/sp-$proboscipedia$/sp-$ (pb$/sp-$). In the adult more than
additive phenotypes are seen in Dfd$/sp-$pb$/sp-$ flies and
Scr$/sp-$pb$/sp-$ flies. The novel phenotypes produced by these
double mutants indicate that some of the homoeotic genes of the ANT-C
interact during Drosophila head development.
Order No: AAC 8824179 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: A MOLECULAR AND GENETIC ANALYSIS OF PROBOSCIPEDIA AND FLANKING GENES IN THE ANTENNAPEDIA COMPLEX OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER
Author: PULTZ, MARY ANNE
School: INDIANA UNIVERSITY (0093) Degree: PHD Date: 1988
pp: 159
Advisor: KAUFMAN, THOMAS
Source: DAI-B 49/09, p. 3556, Mar 1989
Subject: BIOLOGY, GENERAL (0306); BIOLOGY, GENETICS (0369);
BIOLOGY, MOLECULAR (0307)
Abstract: The homeotic proboscipedia (pb) locus of Drosophila
melanogaster directs the differentiation of adult labial and
maxillary structures. When pb function is eliminated, mouthparts are
transformed to legs, indicating the pb acts in the labial segment to
control a fundamental choice between labial and thoracic development.
The pb locus lies within the Antennapedia Complex (ANT-C), a cluster
of developmental regulatory loci.
To study the molecular structure and function of the pb locus,
the proximal ANT-C was cloned by chromosomal walking; pb was
localized within this region by inducing and analyzing pb null
chromosomal rearrangements. In addition, rearrangement breakpoints
for two pb variegating chromosomes were found 5$/sp/prime$ to the pb
transcription unit.
The temporal and spatial pattern of pb expression was examined by
RNA gel blot analysis, by in situ hybridization, and by raising
antibodies which recognize pb protein products. Gene products of the
pb locus are expressed during embryogenesis in the labial and
maxillary lobes, in mandibular cells, in a few central nervous system
cells and in mesodermal cells. Such extensive embryonic pb expression
was surprising, as pb has no known embryonic function. Protein
products of the pb locus accumulate in nuclei, like protein products
of other homeotic genes. Further studies analyzing pb expression in
mutant embryos suggest that pb expression may be susceptible to
influences from juxtaposed regulatory sequences of other homeotic
genes.
Although only the pb locus had been identified genetically
between labial and zen in the proximal ANT-C, numerous
developmentally regulated transcription units were encountered in
this region. Molecular and genetic analysis of these transcription
units has provided insights about their potential developmental
significance. Immediately distal to pb, the z2 transcription unit is
expressed dorsally during embryogenesis in a pattern resembling that
of the neighboring zen locus. Proximal to pb, there is gene cluster
which may encode cuticle proteins. A chromosome was recovered which
specifically deletes z2, pb and the proximal gene cluster. However,
individuals completely deleted for this set of transcription units
have no apparent phenotype except for a loss of pb function.
Order No: AAC 8823299 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: LUMINESCENT PROBES OF CHARGE TRANSPORT IN MODIFYING LAYERS ON ELECTRODES
Author: ZEN, JYH-MYNG
School: UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN (0090)
Degree: PHD Date: 1988 pp: 146
Advisor: FAULKNER, LARRY
Source: DAI-B 49/09, p. 3728, Mar 1989
Subject: CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL (0486)
Abstract: The goals of this project are aimed at the investigation
of charge transport among redox centers bound in polymer films on
electrodes. Luminescent probes were used as an indicator of the
charge transport process for the system of interest. The signals were
then detected by spectroscopic methods. The advantage of
spectroscopic methods is that they provide information about
electrochemical systems which is not directly available in strictly
electrochemical experiments.
The energy transfer dynamics of the system of
Ru(bpy)$/sb3/sp[2+]$ immobilized in poly(styrene sulfonate) film has
been investigated. A relatively small amount of Co(bpy)$/sb3/sp[3+]$
was introduced into the system as a quencher to evaluate this value.
Through this study, the ideas developed by Majda about the dynamics
of the system were confirmed. The major conclusion is that the
electron transport process is controlled by the counterion diffusion.
A new approach based on photosensitization was proved to be
effective in detection of i$/sb[/rm E]$ and D$/sb[/rm E]$ for
polymer-modified electrodes. The study system was quaternized
poly(vinylpyridine) with ferricyanide as redox centers. A rhodamine B
isothiocyanate labeled poly(ethyleneimine) was constructed as the dye
layer and hydroguinone was the supersensitizer. Different values of
photocurrent were obtained by changing the intensity of the light
source. One can extrapolate to infinite light intensity from the plot
of 1/photocurrent vs. 1/light intensity to obtain a current equal to
i$/sb[/rm E]$. The D$/sb[/rm E]$ was found to be in the order of
10$/sp[-8]$ cm$/sp2$/sec, and are in the neighborhood of that
measured by steady-state voltammetry of the same experimental system.
Order No: AAC 8908646 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: DIASTEREOSELECTIVITY OF ORGANOMETALLIC ADDITIONS TO NITRONES
Author: CHANG, ZEN-YU
School: UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN (0090)
Degree: PHD Date: 1988 pp: 160
Advisor: COATES, ROBERT M.
Source: DAI-B 50/02, p. 566, Aug 1989
Subject: CHEMISTRY, ORGANIC (0490)
Abstract: The diastereoselectivity of organometallic additions to
nitrones bearing stereogenic substituents has been investigated. High
and complementary diastereoselectivity was observed in the additions
of Grignard reagents to nitrones (e.g. 62) bearing a potentially
chelating $/beta$-alkoxy group on nitrogen. The high facial
diastereoselectivity is explained by a simple chelation model which
was supported(DIAGRAM, TABLE OR GRAPHIC OMITTED...PLEASE SEE DAI)by
$/sp1$H NMR analysis of a nitrone-magnesium bromide complex (86).
However, the opposite selectivity resulted from the reaction of
methylmagnesium bromide with the corresponding silyl ether (68).
N-Deoxygenation of N,N-dialkylhydroxylamine adducts was achieved by
lithium-ammonium reduction of the hydroxylamino carbonates (90 and
95) and phosphates (114). N-Dealkylation by periodic acid cleavage of
the resulting amino alcohols (91 and 96) and subsequent hydrolysis of
the imine products provided non-racemic chiral amines. The optical
purities of the amines were determined by HPLC analyses of their
3,5-dinitrobenzamide derivatives (94 and 97). The relative
stereochemistry of selected hydroxylamine adducts was established by
N-deoxygenation of the adducts to amines (115), by conversion of the
adducts to primary amines, by periodate cleavage of a
$/beta$-hydroxyhydroxylamine (118) and by various correlations. Low
selectivity was observed in the organometallic additions to
C-($/alpha$-alkoxy)nitrones (74-76). Organometallic additions to
nitrones (70-71) prepared from carbohydrates were also surveyed but
further experiments are necessary to explore the potential for chiral
amine syntheses by this approach. Formation of tetrahydrooxadiazine
dimers in the reactions of N-benzylidene-N-(1-arylalkyl)nitrones with
methyllithium was also observed.
Order No: AAC 8922386 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: THE EXPLICATION OF ZEN BUDDHISM AS A FOUNDATION FOR COUNSELING
Author: KNEWITZ, JOHN MICHAEL
School: SOUTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY AT CARBONDALE (0209)
Degree: PHD Date: 1988 pp: 303
Advisor: CODY, JOHN; KING, SALLIE
Source: DAI-A 50/06, p. 1564, Dec 1989
Subject: EDUCATION, GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING (0519); PSYCHOLOGY,
CLINICAL (0622); RELIGION, GENERAL (0318)
Abstract: In the West, the field of counseling has been dominated by
theories which seek to explain human nature according to the factors
which are believed to bear a functional or causal relationship to
adaptive and maladaptive forms of human being. Well-being as
understood within the counseling field is firmly rooted in the
ontological and epistemological structures which have arisen within
the rationalistic tradition of Western philosophy. Perspectives which
emphasize non-dualistic forms of well-being have been systematically
excluded from consideration within the counseling field. This
dissertation describes one such non-dualistic perspective, Zen
Buddhism, and considers its implications for understanding well-being
and for the theory and practice of counseling.
The fundamental characteristic of Zen Buddhism is its emphasis
upon the actualization of non-dualistic experience. From the Zen
perspective, the common tendency is to equate reality with one's
conceptions of reality. However, concepts are by nature dualistic
and, in the Zen view, obscure the impermanent, non-dualistic
foundations of experience. Clinging to concepts produces suffering
since one's view of things and one's actions in accordance with that
view do not correspond to things as they are concretely. In order to
overcome suffering, Zen seeks, through the practice of meditation,
the actualization of non-dualistic or pre-reflective experience
through which the relative nature of things is directly perceived.
Zen is seen as contributing to Western counseling in two ways.
First, the Zen view that overcoming suffering involves the
actualization of non-dualistic experience is clearly different from
Western perspectives which consistently retain some form of primary
dualism in their conceptions of human nature and well-being. Second,
the Zen view that all things are relative renders theories relative
as well and limits their application to specific contexts rather than
as comprehensive explanations of human behavior.
Order No: AAC 1335929 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: SERENDIPITOUS EXPLORATIONS. (ORIGINAL ARTWORK)
Author: LYCHKOFF, TOD GEORGE
School: CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, LONG BEACH (6080) Degree: MA
Date: 1988 pp: 28
Advisor: ODEN, RICHARD S.
Source: MAI 27/04, p. 421, Winter 1989
Subject: FINE ARTS (0357); EDUCATION, ART (0273)
Abstract: The first part of my project consisted of sixteen ink and
wash drawings where representational elements were inspired by and
incorporated with nonobjective imagery established by chance. The
second part consisted of twenty scratchboard drawings in which those
elements previously explored were further developed.
Spontaneity, accident and chaos were explored in the drawings.
Expectations, limitations and ego were examined in the artist. I
investigated the visceral side of my creativity reviving my instincts
and rediscovering suppressed emotions.
My project conclusions formed a personal philosophy of art and
life. Frustration and indecisiveness led toward this growth. Inspired
by Zen pottery painters, a balance between the intuitive versus the
conscious act as reflected in the unintentional versus the
intentional mark was explored. I defined myself as an individual
seeking personal harmony in a larger harmonious whole. I found that
faith was required.
Order No: AAC 8914749 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: FAR EASTERN PHILOSOPHICAL INFLUENCES ON ENVIRONMENTAL ART, 1967-1987
Author: GELBURD, GAIL ENID
School: CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK (0046) Degree: PHD
Date: 1988 pp: 313
Advisor: GOOSSEN, EUGENE C.
Source: DAI-A 50/05, p. 1117, Nov 1989
Subject: FINE ARTS (0357); AMERICAN STUDIES (0323); PHILOSOPHY
(0422)
Abstract: Environmental art has developed tangentially to the growth
of the influence of Oriental philosophical ideas on American society.
These two paths met and cross fertilized a new and vital art form.
This study explains a change in attitude towards form, by artists
interested in transforming space into an experience. The dissertation
analyzes the development of environmental art and the affect that
Eastern philosophical ideas have had on this contemporary art form.
Artists and writers such as Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau,
Ernest Fenollosa, A. W. Dow, Mark Tobey, Ad Reinhardt, Herbert Bayer,
Herbert Ferber, John Cage, Isamu Noguchi, Jack Kerouac, Alan
Ginsberg, Carl Andre and Richard Serra are an important part of this
study. They set the stage for the Environmental artists of 1966-1985
who are the main focus of this dissertation. These contemporary
artists, Walter DeMaria, Patricia Johanson, Richard Long, David Nash,
Michael Singer and James Turrell, searched for a new modus vivendi,
and were drawn to Zen and other popularized or Westernized versions
of Eastern cultural traditions. They are six of the artists during
this period who melded Eastern philosophy into a format relevant to
the artist in contemporary Anglo-American society. When these Eastern
cultures were transplanted into Western art, traditions of the
Western culture were retained; there is a limit to the transplant
that occurs. But studying, reading, looking, even misunderstandings
or misperceptions, brought these artists to a juncture where
cross-cultural transplantation occurred and fresh cultural values
erupted. These artists sought to make the different traditions of the
world their own. They digested so completely what they have seen,
heard or read and translated it so creatively that it is sometimes
difficult to trace specific sources of influence on their work.
However, the artists' exposure to this preponderance of the Far East
is undeniable although not always specifically identifiable. The
critical question examined in this study is whether those initially
foreign ideas have become decisive in the artists' work and form a
cohesive unit.
Order No: AAC 8906191 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: FARMING, EDUCATION, AND MOBILITY ON THE AGRICULTURAL FRONTIER: WHITMAN COUNTY, WASHINGTON, 1880-1900
Author: ZENS, NANCY LOUISE
School: WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY (0251) Degree: PHD
Date: 1988 pp: 285
Advisor: ARMITAGE, SUSAN
Source: DAI-A 49/12, p. 3853, Jun 1989
Subject: HISTORY, UNITED STATES (0337)
Abstract: This examination of the history of Whitman County 1880 to
1900 in the areas of farming, education, and mobility uses
reminiscent sources, booster literature, and census material to
demonstrate the complexity of the frontier development process. Due
to the quality of the soil, the climate, and the availability of
transportation networks, Whitman County matured in two decades into a
settled region with economic, social, and political conditions
similar to well-established regions in the East. There was strong
support for education which confirmed popular history reports, yet
the household decisions to provide schooling for children showed no
identifiable patterns according to sex, region of origin, or family
size. Significantly, instead of substantial persistency among the
county population due to the economic basis of Whitman County
(agriculture and small town businesses) there was a mobility rate of
85 percent over the two decade period.
Order No: AAC 8902222 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: NARCISSUS SOUS RATURE: THE EFFACEMENT OF THE SELF IN CONTEMPORARY AMERICAN POETRY (SNYDER, WRIGHT, ASHBERY,
LAMANTIA, SPICER)
Author: NORTON, JOHN DOUGLAS
School: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY (0028) Degree: PHD
Date: 1988 pp: 357
Source: DAI-A 50/02, p. 444, Aug 1989
Subject: LITERATURE, AMERICAN (0591); PHILOSOPHY (0422);
PSYCHOLOGY, GENERAL (0621)
Abstract: In the postwar revolt against what had become, ironically,
a Modern establishment, some American poetry reacted strongly against
the Modernist ideal of impersonality, revaluing, and variously
reformulating, the Romantic conception of the self. Plath, Sexton,
the confessional Lowell, and Ginsberg, among others, wrote poetry
which made a central virtue of its overtly autobiographical I. Other
American poets, however, including those with whom this dissertation
deals--Gary Snyder, James Wright, Philip Lamantia, Jack Spicer, and
John Ashbery--have found any simple return to the Romantic I a
nostalgic impossibility. They regard the self as fundamentally
illusory, a structure, or constructed function, useful at most as a
provisional stratagem.
These poets' repudiation of a self conceived as a conscious,
intentional identity derives in part from Modernism, but reflects
more importantly the impact of extraliterary critiques of the self.
Working with vastly different aims, assumptions and methodologies,
Freud, Heidegger, Derrida, Lacan and others, including the T'ang
masters of Zen Buddhism, have rendered the notion of 'self' vexed in
the extreme. Under the pressure of their critiques, a variety of
partial selves--indeterminate, evasive, and ephemeral--have appeared
in contemporary poetry. These selves, however, do not derive from the
merely facile or opportunistic pirating of theory as an expedient
cache of post-Christian mythologies. Instead, they spring from a
critical double movement through which, on the one hand, theory
provides--and demands--a new conceptual rigor in the thinking of the
self, while on the other, the poetic imagination struggles against
the constant tendency of theory to schematize for the sake of
control. My dissertation undertakes to explore both sides of this
dialectic.
'Your burnt face is fading into the dream,' observes Philip
Lamantia's speaker dispassionately, in 'Mirror and Heart.' For the
poets with whom I am concerned the self is not absolutely unreal, but
unreal only insofar as it is though as a stable entity capable of
being described, circumscribed and, most importantly, named. The self
as proper name--the self, for example, as Narcissus--exists in these
poetries only under erasure.
Order No: AAC 8827037 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: WORDS ON A JOURNEY: VISION AND RELIGION IN THE POETRY OF W. S. MERWIN
Author: WILSON, REED DANIEL
School: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, LOS ANGELES (0031) Degree: PHD
Date: 1988 pp: 244
Advisor: YENSER, STEPHEN
Source: DAI-A 49/12, p. 3727, Jun 1989
Subject: LITERATURE, AMERICAN (0591); BIOGRAPHY (0304); LITERATURE, MODERN (0298)
Abstract: The journey is an important motif in the poetry of W. S.
Merwin; despite emphasis on the realities of death and negation,
Merwin's original poetry continually fares forward in an effort to
celebrate life and to establish an affirmative vision that might
transform the actual world into the lost garden of myth and sacred
song. Ultimately Merwin's work is religious in the root sense--it
attempts to re-connect the self not only to the renewing imagination,
but also to some higher power outside the self and with which that
self always creatively participates.
Early in his career Merwin fears the participation with
uncertainty and natural process necessary to experience fully the
affirmative possibilities of reality. But through devotion to Robert
Graves' White Goddess, through a primitivistic religion that
challenges the nay-saying faith of his Presbyterian minister father,
he opens himself toward the fullfilling possibilities of art and love
even as he more clearly realizes how little the world bends to our
devotions, celebrations and ceremonies. By the 1960s, this
realization, coupled with a deep sense of political pessimism, leads
the poet to the edge of despair and personal crisis. Many of Merwin's
poems of that decade are best seen as madsong responses from a
'divided self' (in R. D. Laing's term) to our world.
But this self is no terminus, and from 1970 on Merwin has
journeyed toward an affirmative vision founded on and grounded in an
experience of the dark night. He has increasingly explored
non-Western ways of thinking and seeing, through which he has
discovered the 'native' in himself, the animistic visionary root of
all religions. In his most recent volumes, he has articulated a
particularly American version of Zen Buddhism through which anyone
might more fully celebrate actuality--natural process as a dynamic
interrelationship of yes and no, death and life.
Order No: AAC NN65838 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: W. B. YEATS AND NOH: FROM 'JAPONISME' TO ZEN (YEATS WILLIAM BUTLER, ZEN BUDDHISM)
Author: CHIBA, YOKO
School: UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO (CANADA) (0779) Degree: PHD
Date: 1988 pp: 437
Advisor: SIDNELL, M. J.
Source: DAI-A 53/02, p. 502, Aug 1992
Subject: LITERATURE, ENGLISH (0593); THEATER (0465); ART HISTORY
(0377)
ISBN: 0-315-65838-X
Abstract: This dissertation is a cross-cultural study of the
influence of the Noh theatre on Yeats, in the context of Japonisme
and the aesthetic of Zen Buddhism. Japonisme is the influence of
Japanese art and colour prints on Western art and culture, which
swept over late nineteenth-century Europe and revolutionized its
aesthetics. The study, based not on supposition but on fact, required
wide background research--the historical, artistic, religious,
theatrical, linguistic and literary. It examines the Pre-Yeatsian
discovery of the Japanese theatre by Westerners following Japan's
opening of diplomatic relations in 1853; the first Japanese dramatic
troupe performing in Western countries at the turn of the century;
Gordon Craig and the Japanese theatre; Japonisme in Britain and in
the Yeats circle; the textual analysis of the unpublished manuscripts
of translations of Noh plays by Fenollosa and Pound; Yeats's use of
Noh in the mid-1910s as his model; and the further relationship of
the Zen aesthetic, central to Noh, with Yeats's similar idea of
symbolic dramaturgy. The transition from Japonisme to Zen, the
guiding principle of the thesis, thus illuminates Yeats's time and
work.
The research methods taken for the two parts are contrasting: the
first outward-looking and document-oriented, and the second more
inward-searching and textual. Part One, on Japonisme and its relation
to the theatre, was formulated by selecting from extensive primary
sources in English, and some French and Japanese. The fundamental
research for Part Two, setting out the relationship between Noh and
Zen, as a context for Yeats's ideas, was largely derived from
Japanese sources for lack of English material. This difference
between the two parts, in method, concept and language, was the first
difficulty. An equally complicated second difficulty was due to the
lack of a systematic study of English Japonisme, making Yeats's
response to it unascertainable. Therefore, I examine Japonisme in
Britain in Chapter Four, leaving the general outline of Japonisme,
mainly French, to the Introduction. This gives more emphasis to
English Japonisme in the text.
The study shows that Noh greatly helped to develop Yeats's
symbolic theatre, which was further strengthened after his study of
Zen.
Order No: AAC 8912130 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: CHUANG TSU AND THE PROBLEM OF PERSONAL IDENTITY: A STUDY OF IDENTITY AND INTERRELATEDNESS (CHINA)
Author: FLEMING, JESSE CHARLES
School: UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII (0085) Degree: PHD Date: 1988
pp: 254
Advisor: CHENG, CHUNG-YING
Source: DAI-A 50/03, p. 702, Sep 1989
Subject: PHILOSOPHY (0422); RELIGION, PHILOSOPHY OF (0322)
Abstract: This dissertation addresses the fundamental philosophical
issues regarding personal identity by exploring the Chuang Tzu's
views regarding an apparent conflict between the principles of
individuation and interdependence; this apparent contradiction is
resolved in Chuang Tzu's organic view of part/whole relations. Also,
I contrast Taoist holism with absolute monism on the one hand, and
pure reductionism on the other. Both the conclusion regarding
personal identity, and the above comparisons are connected with my
exegesis of the Taoist concept of wu ('Non-Being')--which I think
scholars have heretofore been unable to explain; my main theoretical
conclusion is that for Chuang Tzu 'Non-Being' is the indeterminacy of
the world--when individuated in the particular person (qua potency),
it is called te ('virtue'). The implications for ethics, psychology,
and epistemology are discussed in separate chapters. Further, I show
that Chuang Tzu's style and purpose of philosophizing are radically
different from our own today in academia; Chuang Tzu is a
'dialectical deconstructionist', who declines to offer one simple
answer to any given philosophical problem. Rather, Chuang Tzu
provides us with a method, which I compare to Derrida, Wittgenstein,
and Zen, by 'speech act' analysis of their language use. I try to
clarify what 'philosophy' (and 'comparative philosophy') might be. I
suggest that philosophy for Chuang Tzu (and myself), is investigation
of 'the possible', rather than 'the actual'; and 'comparative
philosophy' is progressive synthesis of paradigmatic problems--as
inspiration to further thinking and living. I defend the unpopular
view that Chuang Tzu is a mystic. These theoretical explorations lead
me to compare Maslow, Mead, and Chuang Tzu on the practical level.
As for methodology, by close study of the Chinese text (based on
the Harvard Yenching Concordance version), I have discovered that
Chuang Tzu frequently uses the words shou ('receive'), nei
('internalize'), shih ('lose'), and fan ('return') in a certain
pattern--to argue that there is in each natural entity some genuine
core (one's te) which is 'received from Heaven', and 'internalized',
but is unfortunately 'lost', and must be 'regained' or 'restored'.
This core is 'empty'--and thus mirrors the Tao; in both cases, it is
the lack of definition/determination which onto-logically grounds all
potentiality.
Order No: NOT AVAILABLE FROM UMI ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: THOMAS MERTON AND THERAVADA BUDDHISM--A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF RELIGIOUS EXPERIENCE
Author: STEYN, HELENA CHRISTINA
School: UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AFRICA (SOUTH AFRICA) (0596)
Degree: MA Date: 1988
Advisor: KRUGER, J. S.
Source: MAI 28/01, p. 40, Spring 1990
Subject: PHILOSOPHY (0422)
Abstract: This study has been carried out against the broad
background of religious pluralism and, more specifically, the area of
inter-religious dialogue. Thomas Merton's contemplative experience of
unity with God had as a correlate solidarity with all mankind. This
led to his interest in religious experiences of believers of other
religions. In the Zen experience of unity, in which the division of
subject and object is transcended, Merton recognized a similarity to
his own experience and initiated dialogue with Zen-Buddhists. In this
study an attempt was made to analyze Merton's work, comparing it with
Theravada-Buddhism. The topics explored were epistemology, the
concept of God, the self, meditation and ethics. In addition to
certain differences, important similarities were found between Merton
and Theravada-Buddhism, especially with reference to the primacy of
religious experience, a non-dualistic world view and radical
transformation of this life, here and now. The conclusion is reached
that further dialogue between Christianity and Buddhism should prove
to be rewarding.
Order No: AAC 9127870 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: BANKEI AND HIS WORLD (ZEN BUDDHISM, BUDDHISM, JAPAN, BANKEI YOTAKU)
Author: HASKEL, PETER
School: COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY (0054) Degree: PHD Date: 1988
pp: 605
Source: DAI-A 52/04, p. 1380, Oct 1991
Subject: RELIGION, HISTORY OF (0320)
Abstract: The present paper examines the career and teaching of the
Tokugawa-period Rinzai Zen Master Bankei Yotaku (1622-1693). Bankei
is one of Japanese Zen's most distinctive figures and is particularly
noted for his direct, popular teaching style based on the concept of
the Unborn (J:fusho). In order to place Bankei's teaching in its
proper context, the introductory portion of the paper provides a
discussion of Japanese Zen in Bankei's time, indicating that Bankei
shared important elements with other Zen teachers of the early
Tokugawa period. Early Tokugawa Zen, in turn, was in many respects a
response to the Zen of the late Middle Ages, when the teaching had
been dominated by missan Zen, a formalized system of transmission
influenced by Esoteric Buddhism. The Introduction, therefore, opens
with an overview of Zen in the late Middle Ages, focusing on the
missan system, before turning to the world of early Tokugawa Zen. It
concludes with a detailed examination of Bankei's own career and of
his teaching of the Unborn, based largely on the various accounts
recorded by Bankei's disciples and on Bankei's letters, poems and
talks. The translation portion of the paper contains a complete
translation of Bankei's surviving sermons, the Bankei zenji seppo.
These consist largely of extemporaneous talks delivered by Bankei in
1690, and represent the most important firsthand source for Bankei's
Zen teaching.
Order No: AAC 8818453 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: SIMPLICITY: THE DISTINCTIVE QUALITY OF JAPANESE SPIRITUALITY (BUDDHISM)
Author: BRINKMAN, JOHN TIVNAN
School: FORDHAM UNIVERSITY (0072) Degree: PHD Date: 1988
pp: 354
Advisor: BERRY, THOMAS
Source: DAI-A 49/07, p. 1837, Jan 1989
Subject: RELIGION, HISTORY OF (0320); RELIGION, PHILOSOPHY OF
(0322); HISTORY, ASIA, AUSTRALIA AND OCEANIA (0332)
Abstract: This study identifies simplicity as one of the
distinguishing qualities of Japanese spirituality. This essay is not
primarily a metaphysical analysis of the terms in which the Japanese
present this quality but a descriptive presentation of the unfolding
of this inner vision that guided the spiritual and cultural
development of Japan throughout the centuries. We first present
simplicity as expressed in the ancient period, then in its medieval
Buddhist phase, then as reaffirmed in a more critical pre-Western
modern period. We are particularly concerned with the continuity and
discontinuity in this sequence of historical transformations that
have taken place in Japanese culture.
In the ancient period simplicity is defined by the direct
experience of the divine. The history of sacred place, of native
rite, and of divine presence, reveals that only in the barest sense
did shrine need structure, celebration need ritual or kami need name.
In this we note a more immediate mode of participation in the sacred
before establishment of the more self-reflective traditions of
Buddhist and Confucian thought.
In the medieval phase, simplicity is seen as a special Japanese
mode of expressing the teachings of Buddhism. It have to Japanese
Buddhism its immediacy of salvific experience as this is noted in the
Pure Land, Nichiren and Zen sects of the Kamakura period.
Critical reflection by the Japanese themselves on this quality of
their own culture and its spiritual development did not occur until
the period of Motoori Norinaga in the eighteenth century. It is in
the writings of Motoori Norinaga that the radical tendency of the
Japanese toward immediacy of experience and simplicity of expression
were identified in contrast to the extensive moral analysis of the
Neo-confucian tradition.
It is the conclusion of this thesis that simplicity in its
sustained Japanese modality offers a special contribution to the
larger complex of human spiritual traditions.
Order No: AAC 8820110 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: A ZEN BUDDHIST SOCIAL ETHIC
Author: IVES, CHRISTOPHER A.
School: THE CLAREMONT GRADUATE SCHOOL (0047) Degree: PHD
Date: 1988 pp: 400
Source: DAI-A 49/07, p. 1843, Jan 1989
Subject: RELIGION, PHILOSOPHY OF (0322)
Abstract: Zen Buddhism has traditionally focused on promoting
spiritual transformation and expressing it artistically, but has paid
little explicit attention to social ethics. Certain Zen teachers have
even admonished their students to avoid such 'mundane' arenas as
politics, often while stressing trans-rational insight and a
transcendence of good and evil. As a result, many observers consider
Zen ethically weak, or even subversive of ethical action in society.
In this dissertation, however, I argue that Zen practice does bear
ethically significant fruits and that by clarifying and reformulating
certain key facets of Zen we can lay a foundation for a Zen social
ethic. After laying that foundation, I offer a Zen approach to
responsibility, justice, rights, nonviolence, economics, and the
environment. In conclusion, I contend that this construction of a Zen
social ethic deepens Zen as part of the evolution of a new, socially
engaged form of the tradition.
Following a brief introductory overview of Buddhist ethics, I
turn in Chapter Two to an examination of Zen practice, Awakening, and
emptiness (Sanskrit, shunyata), and offer a rearticulation of
emptiness as the 'dynamism of non-dual relationality.' In Chapters
Three and Four I outline wisdom (Skt., prajna) and compassion (Skt.,
karuna), traditionally said to accompany Awakening. In Chapter Five I
sketch how Kitaro Nishida, Shin'ichi Hisamatsu, and Masao Abe, three
key thinkers in the Kyoto School, grasp the relationship between Zen
and ethics. In Chapter Six I highlight factors that have given the
impression that Zen cannot offer a social ethic. In Chapter Seven I
clarify and reformulate ethically significant facets of Zen, arguing
for 'informed prajna,' 'active compassion,' and a linkage of
religious practice and social praxis. In the final two chapters I set
forth 'participatory justice,' an economic approach of sustainable
'enoughness,' and cosmocentric 'being-in-nature.'
Order No: AAC 8818836 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: THE T'IEN-T'AI PHILOSOPHY OF NON-DUALITY: A STUDY IN CHAN-JAN AND CHIH-LI
Author: RA, LANG EUN
School: TEMPLE UNIVERSITY (0225) Degree: PHD Date: 1988 pp: 459
Advisor: FU, CHARLES WEI-HSUN
Source: DAI-A 49/07, p. 1844, Jan 1989
Subject: RELIGION, PHILOSOPHY OF (0322)
Abstract: This dissertation is a study of the T'ien-t'ai philosophy
of non-duality in Chan-jan's (711-782) Ten Gates of Non-duality
(Shih-pu-erh-men), and Chih-li's (960-1028) Notes on the Essentials
of the Ten Gates of Non-duality (Shih-pu-erh-men chih-yao-ch'ao). Two
fundamental questions--'how are all dharmas?' and 'how can one be
awakened to the true form of all dharmas?'--are carefully examined
and answered. The answer to the former question leads to a
philosophical rediscovery of the inter-inclusive state of all
dharmas; the answer to the latter to a methodological reorientation
of Buddhist practice as a means towards ultimate enlightenment.
Chapter I examines the following issues: the most basic
categories of duality in T'ien-t'ai Buddhism, the cause of the
problem posed by these dualities, and the root of the idea of
non-duality in the Buddha, Nagarjuna, and Chih-yi.
Chapter II examines Chan-jan's idea of non-duality concerning the
following points: the connotations of T'ien-t'ai's fundamental
principles, such as 'inclusiveness,' 'the threefold truth,' 'the
three thousand realms in a single thought-instant,' and 'the three
tracks'; Chan-jan's application of them in justifying his thesis of
non-duality; the relation between the religious aspect of his idea of
non-duality and Buddha's silence, Nagarjuna's dialectic, and
Chih-yi's thesis of wondrousness/inconceivability.
Chapter III investigates Chih-li's idea of non-duality, focusing
on the following points: Fa-tsang's and Ch'eng-kuan's influences on
Chan-jan, Chan-jan's adaptation of the formula of mind-origination
from the Awakening of Faith, Yuan-ch'ing's and Tsung-yi's
interpretations of Chan-jan's 'mind' from a pro-Hua-yen position, and
Chih-li's acceptance of the formula of mind-origination without
sacrificing the authentic T'ien-t'ai idea of non-duality.
Chapter IV summarizes the main themes of this dissertation. In
addition it is suggested that T'ien-t'ai's influence on Zen may have
been far stronger than Hua-yen's, as demonstrated by briefly
examining the doctrinal affinity between T'ien-t'ai and Zen in terms
of the non-duality between practice and enlightenment.
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