Order No: AAC 9331017 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: DORSAL-VENTRAL PATTERNING IN THE DROSOPHILA EMBRYO (ZYGOTIC GENES)
Author: RAY, ROBERT PAUL
School: HARVARD UNIVERSITY (0084) Degree: PHD Date: 1993
pp: 296
Source: DAI-B 54/06, p. 2860, Dec 1993
Subject: BIOLOGY, CELL (0379); BIOLOGY, GENETICS (0369)
Abstract: The dorsal-ventral pattern of the Drosophila embryo is
established by the orchestrated expression and regulation of maternal
and zygotic genes. Maternal genes contribute to the overall
architecture of the egg, and organize an activity gradient of the
maternal transcription factor dorsal (dl). The dl gradient activates
ventrally expressed genes like twist (twi) and snail (sna) and
represses dorsally expressed genes like decapentaplegic (dpp) and
zerknullt (zen) at two distinct thresholds. Thus, with respect to
these four zygotic genes, the dl gradient defines a simple pattern of
three levels. Dorsal cells express dpp and zen but not twi and sna,
lateral cells lack expression of all four genes, and ventral cells
express twi and sna, but not dpp and zen.
The zygotic expression patterns established by the dl gradient
define distinct domains that carry out independent developmental
programs. In the ventral domain, the transcription factors twi and
sna execute complementary roles in the specification of the mesoderm.
twi activates genes expressed in the mesoderm, and sna represses
genes expressed in adjacent regions. In the dorsal domain, dpp and
zen are elements in a hierarchy of gene expression that specifies the
dorsal ectoderm. dpp is an integral part of a dorsal-to-ventral
activity gradient. High levels of dpp activity specify amnioserosa,
while lower levels specify dorsal and ventral epidermis. The dpp
gradient is necessary to maintain and refine the expression pattern
of zen, which then acts as a selector gene for the amnioserosa.
Specification of the amnioserosa also requires the 'tailup'
genes. These genes act downstream of zen, and affect different
aspects of amnioserosa differentiation. In u-shaped mutant embryos,
amnioserosa cells fail to undergo characteristic cell shape changes.
In hindsight and tailup mutant embryos, cell shape changes are
observed, but expression of the diagnostic amnioserosa antigen,
Kruppel, is lacking. In serpent embryos, neither of these processes
is affected, but the general morphology of the amnioserosa is
altered.
These data provide evidence for a hierarchical specification of
pattern along the dorsal-ventral axis that is analogous to the
progression of events in anterior-posterior patterning. A comparison
of the dorsal-ventral and anterior-posterior patterning systems is
presented, and models of dorsal-ventral pattern formation are
discussed.
Order No: AAC 9316879 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: MICROELECTRONICS LAYOUT COMPACTION AND DESIGN VERIFICATION
Author: YAO, SO-ZEN DAVID
School: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO (0033) Degree: PHD
Date: 1993 pp: 100
Advisor: CHENG, CHUNG-KUAN
Source: DAI-B 54/02, p. 950, Aug 1993
Subject: COMPUTER SCIENCE (0984); ENGINEERING, ELECTRONICS AND
ELECTRICAL (0544)
Abstract: The importance of microelectronics layout compaction and
design verification has been shown in both industry and research
areas. For layout compaction, we address two major directions:
hierarchical compaction and compaction for conditional design rules.
In addition, we investigate a Multi-Chip Module (MCM) design
verification problem, namely substrate testing, for its importance in
MCM Manufacturing process.
We first describe a new linear programming (LP)-based
hierarchical pitchmatching compaction method. With a simplified
treatment of the inter-cell constraints, the size of the LP problems
is significantly smaller than the best known methods. In particular,
the pitchmatching problem is decomposed into independent sub-problems
by the natural slicing structure in layouts. Each sub-problem is
folded further to reduce the LP problem size. Experiments show that
the LP problem size can be 10 times smaller than the best known
result.
We then address the compaction of IC layouts subjected to
conditional design rules in multiple-level metal technology. The
constraints imposed by conditional rules make the automatic
compaction of layout much more difficult than when the usual minimum
separation rules are applied. To solve the problem, we first
formulate each conditional spacing rule with a set of arcs in the
constraint graph representation. We prove that finding the optimal
solution under bridge rule is NP-complete. We then propose a
graph-theoretic method of compaction which, by reducing the problem
size, can efficiently obtain an optimal solution.
Finally, for MCM substrate testing, we find the k-probe testing
methodology is an effective approach to detect open, short, and high
resistance faults in MCM substrates. For k-probe testing, we propose
a complete open fault coverage algorithm which generates a minimum
number of tests. Our algorithm reduces the number of tests by up to
50% compared to that of previous approaches. A multi-dimensional
traveling salesman problem formulation is devised to optimize probe
routes. Our package has been installed on existing substrate testers
and achieved encouraging results.
Order No: AAC 9326334 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: LEARNING TO LEAD IN JAPAN: THE MATSUSHITA APPROACH TO LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT
Author: WILLIAMS, DEAN
School: HARVARD UNIVERSITY (0084) Degree: EDD Date: 1993
pp: 310
Advisor: BOLMAN, LEE
Source: DAI-A 54/05, p. 1639, Nov 1993
Subject: EDUCATION, ADULT AND CONTINUING (0516); EDUCATION, HIGHER
(0745); BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION, MANAGEMENT (0454)
Abstract: This dissertation is a qualitative case study of a unique
approach to leadership education developed by the Matsushita
Institute of Government and Management in Japan. The Matsushita
Institute, or Matsushita Seikei Juku, was established in 1980 by
Konosuke Matsushita, the founder of the Matsushita Electric
Industrial Company. His purpose in creating the school was to provide
an educational institute in Japan that could train and develop
'leaders' for government and industry who could contribute to the
transformation of Japan and ultimately the world.
The school offers a five year training program but awards no
degrees, requires no tuition, and has no faculty. The institute
employs a range of methods that include group discussion, lectures,
counselling, zen meditation, kendo, and self-directed learning to
develop the leadership capacities of the students. I examine this
educational experience, and discuss how the institute prepares and
develops individuals for their respective careers and, in particular,
to exercise leadership.
In the 1990's we are seeing a growing interest in leadership
education but little information is available about alternative
approaches, particularly those used by the Japanese. In this paper I
present the Matsushita educational methodology and discuss its
relevance to leadership development in the West.
Order No: AAC 9317447 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: 66 TIMES, THE VOICE OF PINES AND CEDARS. (ORIGINAL COMPOSITION) (SYMPHONIC POEMS)
Author: CHEN, SHIH-HUI
School: BOSTON UNIVERSITY (0017) Degree: DMA Date: 1993 pp: 56
Advisor: MERRYMAN, MARJORIE
Source: DAI-A 54/02, p. 453, Aug 1993
Subject: EDUCATION, MUSIC (0522); LITERATURE, ASIAN (0305); MUSIC
(0413)
Abstract: 66 Times, the Voice of Pines and Cedars was written for
soprano and chamber orchestra. With the exception of the last poem,
all of the poems of this song cycle are taken from an English
translation of Kokinshu, a collection of ancient Japanese poems from
the early 10th century. The last poem was written at a later time by
a Zen nun. All of the poems, however, share similar characters; they
are all short depictions of nature. Furthermore, each poem represents
a season within the entire seasonal cycle: it begins with Autumn,
proceeds through Winter, Spring, Summer and finally returns to Autumn
to complete the cycle.
The nature and subject matter of the poems have influenced the
treatment of the material. Although voice and instruments have been
treated with equal importance, they function differently. The
instrumental ensemble has been used as the primary vehicle for
depicting the scenes of the texts which are concurrently being
enunciated by the voice. This 'tone painting' function is similar to
that of the orchestra in the symphonic poem.
Order No: AAC 9317801 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: NEW CIRCUIT AND STRUCTURES FOR COMBINATIONAL MULTIPLIERS
Author: SONG, PAUL JEI-ZEN
School: STANFORD UNIVERSITY (0212) Degree: PHD Date: 1993
pp: 107
Advisor: DEMICHELI, GIOVANNI
Source: DAI-B 54/02, p. 1021, Aug 1993
Subject: ENGINEERING, ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL (0544); COMPUTER
SCIENCE (0984); ENGINEERING, SYSTEM SCIENCE (0790)
Abstract: A critical component of parallel multipliers is the
partial-product reduction array. Wallace proposed a scheme for
implementing this array by using of carry-save adders. His scheme,
when applied to IEEE-standard double-precision floating-point
multiplication, requires nine stages of counters that can be reduced
to seven by using the modified Booth's algorithm. Unfortunately,
Wallace trees lack regularity and may lead to irregular layouts, with
significant long wires and associated delays. Other regular
implementations, for example using (4,2) counters, require more stage
delays.
A new scheme is introduced that uses a new family of counters,
called the (9,2) counter family. This family exploits hierarchical
compositions of (3,2) counters. This scheme has the same number of
stage delays as Wallace's, but it leads to more regular layouts.
Therefore, it can support faster operation. In addition, it is
amenable to computer-aided synthesis and optimization. Parameterized
module generators in the L language have been used in the design for
counters and the partial-product reduction array. These generators
were used to synthesize the layout and to explore the scaling trends
in different processes for high-performance multiplication.
Three test structures for IEEE-standard double-precision
floating-point multipliers were fully designed and fabricated in
BiCMOS technology. The circuits were successfully tested. The fastest
chip achieved the product (53 bits) reduction in at most 7.2 nsec,
measured on silicon. Scaling calculations suggest that the proposed
architecture could be used to build complete multipliers (including
the final addition stage, normalization and rounding) operating in
about 15 nsec and without iteration. The method is competitive with
other approaches implemented in existing commercial multiplier chips.
Order No: AAC 9329535 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: THE AESTHETICS OF INDETERMINACY: A MEETING GROUND BETWEEN EASTERN MYSTICISM AND POSTMODERNISM AND SELECTED NOVELS BY TOM ROBBINS, RICHARD BRAUTIGAN, AND ROBERT PIRSIG
(BRAUTIGAN RICHARD, ROBBINS TOM, PIRSIG ROBERT, MYSTICISM)
Author: SHIN, DOO-HO
School: INDIANA UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA (0318) Degree: PHD
Date: 1993 pp: 424
Advisor: VELLA, MICHAEL W.
Source: DAI-A 54/06, p. 2153, Dec 1993
Subject: LITERATURE, AMERICAN (0591); RELIGION, PHILOSOPHY OF
(0322)
Abstract: Indeterminacy has become a dominant concern in postmodern
literature and literary criticism as well as in other postmodern
cultures and the research done these areas demonstrates an abiding
interest in indeterminacy. However, little effort has been made in
establishing a meeting ground between Eastern mystical traditions and
Western postmodernist thought. And even less research has been done
on the postmodern writers who pave a new way of understanding
postmodern Western culture by establishing dialogue between the
traditions of the East and literary postmodernism of the West.
This dissertation explores a meeting ground between Eastern
mystical traditions and postmodern Western culture, attempts to
account for it theoretically, and discusses how such dialogue works
in selected novels by postmodernist writers, who not only employ
postmodern indeterminacy but also incorporate Eastern mystical ideas
in their works: Tom Robbins's Another Roadside Attraction, Even
Cowgirls Get the Blues, Richard Brautigan's Trout Fishing in America,
and Robert Pirsig's Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance. A
general discussion of my method covers the historical and current
debates concerning the issue of determinacy and indeterminacy in the
areas of the new physics, deep ecology, deconstruction language
theory, and philosophy in each chapter, in relation not only to
literature and literary criticism, but also to Eastern mysticism.
Eastern mystical traditions share striking similarities with
postmodern thinking about indeterminacy in these areas. Indeterminacy
has been constantly accepted in Eastern mystical traditions, while in
the West it has only recently gained attention. And these writers who
were familiar with both traditions well developed the theme of
indeterminacy in their writing.
By studying these three authors' dominant concerns as these
radiate out from indeterminacy, we get a better sense of how far they
have taken us in a postmodernist East-West dialogue of contemporary
thought and expression and how the Easterners are potentially well
equipped with spiritual traditions not only to understand Western
postmodern literary phenomena which are still new to most Eastern
readers but also to develop their own culture specific versions of
postmodern literature and criticism.
Order No: AAC 9329578 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF THE IMPEDANCE OF FRACTAL ELECTRODES (ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS)
Author: CAO, QI-ZHONG
School: UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS (0118) Degree: PHD
Date: 1993 pp: 157
Advisor: WONG, PO-ZEN
Source: DAI-B 54/06, p. 3130, Dec 1993
Subject: PHYSICS, ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM (0607)
Abstract: The constant-phase-angle (CPA) impedance observed in
electrochemical cells is often thought to be due to fractal roughness
on the electrode surface. This idea was pursued by numerous
theoretical and experimental studies in the last decade but there is
no consensus on the quantitative relationship between the roughness
and the impedance. In this study, we consider the partial
differential equations that govern the electrostatic potential and
the concentrations of anions and cations between two blocking
electrodes which have no chemical reactions. We assume that diffusion
and conduction are the only transport mechanisms and the
Poisson-Boltzmann equation is obeyed. These equations are linearized
and solved analytically in one dimension and numerically in two
dimensions. For the latter, we used electrodes shaped like Koch
curves and saw-tooth curves. A special grid was generated by
conformal mapping to fit these boundaries with singularities and the
equations are solved by finite-difference method on this grid. The
numerical results are compared to the one-dimensional solution that
give the behavior of the flat electrode. We find that the only
observable effect of surface roughness is that it increases the
interfacial capacitance due to the increased surface area. No
evidence of the CPA impedance could be seen in our numerical data. We
also studied the problem with the boundary-element method. It
confirms that the numerical results are rigorously correct in the
high and low frequency limit. Requiring the impedance in the
intermediate frequency regime to match smoothly with these limits
rule out the possibility of a CPA impedance. We suggest that the CPA
impedance observed in many experiments is caused either by the
adsorption and desorption of ions on the surface, or by oxidation and
corrosion on the surface that changed the boundary conditions in the
system.
Order No: AAC 9322412 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: METAPHORS OF MENTAL HEALTH: A ZEN COMMENTARY (ETYMOLOGY, WORLD VIEWS)
Author: JOSLYN, MARC L.
School: THE FIELDING INSTITUTE (0565) Degree: PHD Date: 1993
pp: 555
Advisor: YABROFF, WILLIAM
Source: DAI-B 54/03, p. 1670, Sep 1993
Subject: PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL (0622); RELIGION, PHILOSOPHY OF
(0322); LANGUAGE, GENERAL (0679)
Abstract: Assuming with many ecologists that the current worldwide
crisis reflects a profound deficiency in what is taken as mental
health in Western civilization, this study examined the efficacy of
'sanity/insanity' and related metaphors that constitute our world
view. Analyzing the metaphors etymologically it was found that
synonyms for 'real' derive mainly from past tense constructions, in
effect denying change and mortality, but befitting the past-fixing,
pseudo eternal assumptions of our atomistic world view. It turned out
that our metaphors for health and sanity are mainly holistic in
origin, while many metaphors for ill health and insanity had the
original meaning of divisiveness and obstruction. The most
comprehensive metaphors for health like 'life' and 'mind' proved to
be closer in meaning to emerging ecological notions as well as to
ancient notions because they were originally organic or paradoxical
in meaning, transcending the usual splits of our world view like
whole/parts, animate/inanimate, man/nature, mental/physical.
Quotations were evaluated from Western authors of various
disciplines who acknowledge the seriousness of the current crisis,
the inadequacy of modern psychology to understand it, and who are
open to alternate views that seem ecologically saner, such as those
of 'pagan' cultures which hold that nature is alive, interactive,
self-regulating and intrinsically moral. Among the conclusions
arrived at from comparing the prevailing view to more ecologically
compatible views, it was observed that when civilizations become too
abstract, nature is seen as immoral, hostile, chaotic, crazy, in dire
need of external controls, and fair game for unlimited exploitation.
Vital aspects of human nature are similarly regarded when obscured by
civilized artifacts.
Zen was introduced as immediate experience prior to all
conceptual opposites. From this zero point, human conceptualizing can
be seen as inventing opposites, splitting them unilaterally into
absolute hierarchies (like right/wrong, scientific/subjective,
up/down, future/past), then concealing its activity and 'discovering'
its products as real entities or principles imposed from outside.
Finally, Zen metaphors of immediate experience (some already present
in Western psychology) were offered as total existence-affirming
illustrations of mental health.
Order No: AAC 9312789 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: MEDITATION, REST, AND SLEEP ONSET: A COMPARISON OF EEG AND RESPIRATION CHANGES
Author: NAIFEH, KAREN HEMPEL
School: CALIFORNIA SCHOOL OF PROFESSIONAL PSYCHOLOGY -
BERKELEY/ALAMEDA (0039) Degree: PHD Date: 1993 pp: 97
Advisor: HEIDE, FREDERICK
Source: DAI-B 53/12, p. 6608, Jun 1993
Subject: PSYCHOLOGY, PSYCHOBIOLOGY (0349); PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL
(0622)
Abstract: Meditation has been likened to an extension of the
wake-sleep transition on the basis of EEG studies. This study looked
at patterns of EEG and respiration (alveolar Pco2, thoracic vs
abdominal movement, and respiratory rate) during meditation in 3
different meditation groups (Yoga, Zen Buddhist and Tibetan
Buddhist), as well as during relaxation in nonmeditating controls,
and compared them to EEG and respiration patterns of normal sleep
onset in the same subjects. Two or 3 meditation sessions were run on
several subjects to assess stability of the findings across days. Co2
sensitivity of the respiratory centers of the brain during meditation
(or relaxation in controls) and baseline was also measured. The main
findings of the study were (1) a greater incidence of EEG of relaxed
wakefulness (as opposed to early stage 1 sleep EEG) during meditation
in the Zen meditators as compared to all other groups; (2) a greater
incidence of late stage 1 sleep EEG activity in controls during
relaxation as compared to the Tibetan and Zen groups during
meditation; and (3) a different pattern of EEG and alveolar Pco2
changes in meditators of all groups during meditation as compared to
either relaxation in controls or normal sleep onset in the same
meditator subjects. Specifically, with regard to this last finding,
during meditation the pattern was one of increased alveolar Pco2 when
the EEG was indicative of relaxed wakefulness as well as when it was
that of stage 1 sleep; whereas during both relaxation in controls and
during sleep onset in all groups, the pattern was one of increased
Pco2 only when the EEG was indicative of stage 1 sleep. The
conclusions are that there are neurophysiological differences as well
as similarities between different meditative disciplines, that
meditation (as investigated here) and the wake-sleep transition do
not involve identical neurophysiologic processes, and that meditation
is not equivalent to simple rest. Given these findings, it is
hypothesized that meditation produces a 'movement' of
neurophysiologic processes which normally occur closer to sleep in
the wake-sleep transition (hypnagogic processes) to a higher level of
arousal with more conscious awareness and access to memory.
Order No: AAC 9321903 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: A STUDY OF THE EVOLUTION OF K'AN-HUA CH'AN IN SUNG CHINA: YUAN-WU K'O-CH'IN (1063-1135) AND THE FUNCTION OF KUNG-AN IN CH'AN PEDAGOGY AND PRAXIS (SUNG DYNASTY, BUDDHISM, MEDITATION)
Author: HSIEH, DING-HWA EVELYN
School: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, LOS ANGELES (0031) Degree: PHD
Date: 1993 pp: 275
Advisor: BUSWELL, ROBERT E. JR.
Source: DAI-A 54/03, p. 969, Sep 1993
Subject: RELIGION, HISTORY OF (0320); HISTORY, ASIA, AUSTRALIA AND
OCEANIA (0332); PHILOSOPHY (0422)
Abstract: The dissertation involves a study of the evolution of a
meditation technique unique to Ch'an (Jpn. Zen)--k'an-hua Ch'an (the
Ch'an of investigating the critical phrase (Ch. hua-t'ou) of the
kung-an (Jpn. koan; public case))--as practiced in the Chinese
Lin-chi (Jpn. Rinzai) school during the Sung period (960-1279). By
focusing on the life and thought of the Lin-chi Ch'an master Yuan-wu
K'o-ch'in (1063-1135), I wish to provide a clearer idea of how Sung
Lin-chi monks reconciled the dichotomy between Ch'an's rhetoric and
meditative praxis in regard to kung-an practice.
Chapter one of this dissertation is an introduction to why I
believe this research to be important and a survey of previous
scholarly views on the kung-an. Chapter two is a survey of Yuan-wu's
life; references are drawn from various Buddhist biographical sources
collected in the Taisho shinshu daizokyo and the Hsu-tsang ching, and
also some non-Buddhist materials as well. Detailed information about
Yuan-wu's works will also be provided there.
Chapter three deals with the ontology that Yuan-wu adopted to
support his soteriological system. My attempt there is mainly to
elucidate Yuan-wu's viewpoints toward the relationship between
cultivation and enlightenment in the context of the larger Ch'an
tradition, and to understand how Yuan-wu tried hard to support the
idea of subitism in Ch'an praxis while repairing some soteriological
deficiencies in that idea as perceived by people within and outside
Ch'an.
Chapter four is an analysis of Yuan-wu's kung-an anthology, the
Pi-yen lu (Blue Cliff Record). The purpose of this chapter is to
explore Yuan-wu's motives for producing this kung-an text and his
response to the internal crisis engendered by the so-called wen-tzu
Ch'an (the lettered Ch'an) movement of his time.
Chapter five focuses on Yuan-wu's approach to kung-an
investigation. Through examining Yuan-wu's sayings and writings, I
will demonstrate that Yuan-wu played a crucial transitional role in
the evolution from wen-tzu Ch'an to k'an-hua Ch'an.
Chapter six is a summary of the development of Sung k'an-hua
Ch'an, which, I suggest, may be classified as 'literati Buddhism,'
since its target lay audience was members of the Sung literati and
its motives were mainly to accommodate and respond to that social and
intellectual class. Thus a study of Yuan-wu's instructions on kung-an
investigation and his teachings on Ch'an cultivation may further
yield vital information about the mutual influence between Ch'an
Buddhism and Sung Confucianism.
Order No: AAC 9331065 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: ZEN NUNS: LIVING TREASURES OF JAPANESE BUDDHISM (WOMEN RELIGIOUS)
Author: ARAI, PAULA KANE ROBINSON
School: HARVARD UNIVERSITY (0084) Degree: PHD Date: 1993
pp: 391
Advisor: NAGATOMI, MASATOSHI
Source: DAI-A 54/06, p. 2189, Dec 1993
Subject: RELIGION, HISTORY OF (0320); RELIGION, GENERAL (0318);
WOMEN'S STUDIES (0453)
Abstract: This study explores the history and patterns of life of
Japanese women in monastic Soto Zen Buddhism, a religious movement
that has flourished in Japan since the thirteenth century. Despite
academics of Zen Buddhism having treated the religion as though it
were only a male monastic tradition, original historical and
anthropological research reveals the experience of female monastics
in modern Japan to be at stark variance with that of their male
counterparts. Zen nuns maintain the practices espoused by Dogen
(1200-1253), the founder of Soto Zen in Japan. Although academics are
divided over the significance of Dogen's egalitarian teachings, Soto
nuns are not. In the twentieth century they were not daunted by the
male-dominating authorities that circumscribed their lives. On the
contrary, with the knowledge that their founder supported women, Zen
nuns fought relentlessly with the Soto sect administration. In a few
decades they succeeded in institutionalizing equality into all sect
regulations.
Reflecting upon the historiographic and interpretive issues
involved in scholarship on the history of women and on women's
religious practices are integral aspects of the quest to restore
women's contributions to the content and history of Zen Buddhism.
Through the original documents and historical texts I procured, the
history, practices, and recent advances of Zen nuns is emerging.
Based upon information I gathered from an extended period of
participant-observation in a Zen monastery for women, extensive
interviews, and responses to my national survey of female monastics,
I present the first scholarly examination of the lives and
self-perceptions of Zen monastic women. My work offers an overview of
their personal backgrounds, motivations, religious values, spiritual
practices, perceptions of society's views of them, attitudes towards
male monastics, thoughts on social responsibility, and
self-reflections on life as a Zen nun.
In the face of competing impulses coursing through modern
Japanese society, Soto Zen nuns choose to maintain a traditional
monastic lifestyle, not allowing the currents of modernity to dilute
their religious commitment. This study explicates the dual role of
Soto Zen monastic women as preservers of religious and cultural
traditions and as active participators in the progressive movement
for the independence and equality of women.
Order No: AAC 9328544 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: CHING AND CHUAN: TOWARDS DEFINING THE CONFUCIAN SCRIPTURES IN HAN CHINA (206 BCE-220 CE)
Author: TSAI, YEN-ZEN
School: HARVARD UNIVERSITY (0084) Degree: THD Date: 1993
pp: 368
Advisor: TU, WEI-MING
Source: DAI-A 54/05, p. 1843, Nov 1993
Subject: RELIGION, HISTORY OF (0320); LITERATURE, ASIAN (0305)
Abstract: The Wu ching (Five Scriptures) are the most sacred books
believed to be composed by former sages and transmitted by Confucius.
Ancient Chinese viewed them as embodying the tao, the ultimate truth.
To obtain it, one had to grasp these texts as an inseparable whole.
This classical ideal, however, encountered a great challenge when
Confucian scriptural learning became a national enthusiasm in the Han
Dynasty (206 BCE-220 CE).
Thanks to the promotion of Confucianism by Emperor Wu (r. 141-87
BCE), Han Confucians devoted themselves to the study of the Wu ching
and thereby hoped to enter the desirable officialdom. This 'way of
emolument and gain' was further encouraged by the Confucian
self-understanding that the ultimate goal of scriptural learning was
to realize the tao in the sociopolitical arena. Since the Wu ching
were too recondite to learn and acquaintance with only one of them
was sufficient to be recognized by the government, the phenomena of
scriptural departmentalization and elaborate commentaries on each of
the ching texts occurred. The intellectual focus now shifted not only
from the integrated five ching to only one of them, but also from the
primary ching text to its commentaries, chuan.
The pragmatic and reductionist orientation found another example
in the Han treatment of the Lun-yu and Hsiao ching. People of Han
China believed that Confucius, 'the later sage,' authored these two
chuan texts. What he says and demonstrates in them, sacred and
authoritative, were commentaries on the Wu ching. Because of textual
simplicity, it became fashionable for one simply to study them in
their own right. Further promulgated by Han rulers for practical
purposes, the degree of their popularity eventually exceeded that of
the profound Wu ching.
Practicality and functionality are the keys that one has to take
seriously in one's discussion of the Confucian scriptures. As
'scripture' is an important expression of human religiosity, the
scriptural developments in Han China thus exhibit significant
implications for our understanding of Confucian religiosity.
Order No: NOT AVAILABLE FROM UMI ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: PLANNING KEYS IN JAPANESE GARDENS. ESSAY ON THE PROCESS OF DEFINING THE FORM [PAUTES PROJECTUALS DEL JARDI JAPONES. ASSAIG SOBRE EL PROCES DE DEFINICIO DE LA FORMA]
Author: SALVADO I SANSA, JOSEP
School: UNIVERSITAT POLITECNICA DE CATALUNYA (SPAIN) (5874)
Date: 1992 pp: 206
Source: DAI-C 54/04, p. 956, Winter 1993
Language: CATALAN
Subject: ARCHITECTURE (0729)
Publisher: EDICIONS DE LA UNIVERSITAT POLITECNICA DE CATALUNYA, AVDA. DR. GREGORIO MARANON, S/N E-08028 BARCELONA, SPAIN
Location: SERVEI DE PUBLICACIONS DE LA UNIVERSITAT POLITECNICA DE CATALUNYA, JORDI GIRONA SALGADO, 31, E-08028 BARCELONA, SPAIN
Abstract: This dissertation is, overall, debating the formal
arguments which have established the conceptual tools to design a
Japanese garden.
The initial idea, to trace, in the dissertation, starting from
the mental world to arrive in a world exclusively physical, is
outlined in the contents, and in the introductory poem. The process
from mental to physical is reversible. The first garden forms are
geographical and the last basically conceptual.
Geography is representative of the physical and philosophy is
representative of the mental world. Geography and philosophy are the
extreme conceptual tools to design a Japanese garden.
Geography without philosophy creates 'Shakkei' technique and
philosophy without geography creates Zen gardens. Shakkei is form
without background and a Zen garden is background with minimal form.
The percentage of physical and mental in different garden forms
defines the images between Shakkei and Zen gardens. Shakkei is 90%
geography and 10% philosophy; Zen gardens are 90% philosophy and 10%
geography. Between Shakkei and Zen, we find geography with a function
(stroll garden) and function with form (tea garden).
Man appears in the middle phase of this process to define the
garden form. Man's geometrical form is comprised in the Paradise
garden form, after geomantic rules and before those of the Zen
garden.
Particularities of land and Japanese man are the roots for the
Japanese garden: small scale, no axial symmetry, animism in the
natural world, pantheistic ego, and naturocentric culture create the
Japanese garden.
Order No: AAC 9226607 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: HOMEOBOX CONTAINING GENES IN TERATOCARCINOMA EMBRYOID BODIES: A POSSIBLE ROLE FOR HOX-4.7 IN ESTABLISHING THE EXTRAEMBRYONIC ENDODERM LINEAGE IN THE MOUSE (ENDODERM DIFFERENTIATION, HOX-4.7)
Author: LABOSKY, PATRICIA ANN
School: WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY (0255) Degree: PHD Date: 1992
pp: 100
Advisor: GRABEL, LAURA B.
Source: DAI-B 53/05, p. 2131, Nov 1992
Subject: BIOLOGY, CELL (0379); BIOLOGY, GENETICS (0369); BIOLOGY,
MOLECULAR (0307)
Abstract: We are interested in identifying genes involved in
mediating early lineage decisions in the mouse embryo. F9
teratocarcinoma cells, treated with retinoic acid (RA) in suspension
culture develop into embryoid bodies (EBs) with an inner core of stem
cells and an outer layer of visceral endoderm. This mimics early
events occurring in the peri-implantation mouse embryo and provides
us with a model system. We have used PCR to identify homeobox
containing genes that could be involved in establishing the visceral
endoderm lineage. PCR reactions were performed with degenerate
oligonucleotide primers similar to the Antennapedia (Antp), bicoid
(bcd), and zerknullt (zen) homeodomains of Drosophila. Initial
experiments were performed using genomic DNA as template. The PCR
product of the expected size was isolated, subcloned, and sequenced.
Among the sub-cloned PCR products were representatives of previously
identified mouse genes including Hox-2.2, -2.3, -2.4, -4.7, and a
novel homeobox sequence.
The same degenerate oligonucleotide primers were then used with
cDNAs from early EBs as template in order to identify genes expressed
at the early, and presumably crucial decision making, times in
endoderm differentiation. Again, the PCR product of the expected size
was isolated, subcloned, and sequenced. Among the sub-cloned PCR
products were representatives of previously identified mouse genes
including Hox-1.3, -1.6, -1.7, -2.4, -2.8, -3.1, and -4.7. Whole
mount in situ hybridization analysis, performed to examine the
temporal and spatial distribution of transcripts, suggests a role for
the Hox-4.7 gene during endoderm differentiation in F9 EBs. While the
expression patterns of several other homeobox genes are essentially
uniform, Hox-4.7 expression is restricted to the outer edge of early
embryoid bodies at a time when lineage decisions may be occurring.
In order to establish the relationship between the Hox-4.7
expression pattern and the role of RA in inducing F9 EB
differentiation, we examined PSA-1 EBs that differentiate in the
absence of added RA. PSA-1 EBs show the same temporal and spatial
localization of Hox-4.7 as F9 EBs. These data suggest that the
pattern of Hox-4.7 expression correlates with endoderm
differentiation and not with RA treatment, and point to a role for
homeobox containing genes during the early stages of mouse
embryogenesis.
Order No: AAC 9313621 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: DIFFERENTIAL REGULATION BY THE DORSAL GRADIENT MORPHOGEN IN DROSOPHILA DORSAL-VENTRAL PATTERN FORMATION
Author: JIN, JIANG
School: COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY (0054) Degree: PHD Date: 1992
pp: 143
Advisor: LEVINE, MICHAEL
Source: DAI-B 54/01, p. 81, Jul 1993
Subject: BIOLOGY, MOLECULAR (0307); BIOLOGY, GENETICS (0369)
Abstract: The establishment of different tissue differentiation
territories along the dorsal-ventral (D/V) axis of the Drosophila
embryo is directly regulated by the maternal morphogen dorsal (dl).
dl is distributed in a concentration gradient which is generated by
selective nuclear transport. The dl gradient functions as a morphogen
and defines the spatial limits of tissue differentiation territories
by controlling zygotic regulatory genes in a concentration dependent
manner. dl encodes a Rel related transcription factor. Promoter
analyses of several dl target genes have demonstrated that dl
functions both as a transcriptional activator and a repressor in the
early embryo. Multiple dl binding sites have been identified in dl
target promoters including twi, sna, and rho promoters, and the zen
ventral repression element (VRE); and mutations in dl binding sites
severely reduce or abolish the corresponding ventral activation or
repression by the dl morphogen.
Here, we initiated experiments exploring the mechanisms
underlying the differential regulation by the dl morphogen. We
demonstrated that threshold responses to the dl morphogen are
determined by affinities of dl binding sites and cooperative
interactions between dl and basic helix-loop-helix(b-HLH) activators.
High-affinity sites can respond to lower thresholds of dl than
low-affinity sites, and proper linkages of dl binding sites with
certain b-HLH protein binding sites (E-boxes) allows target promoters
to be activated by the lowest levels of dl present in the ventral
lateral regions. We also provided evidence that the dl protein is
intrinsically a transcriptional activator, and repression by dl
requires additional factors (dl corepressors). We have identified two
distinct classes of binding sites in the zen VRE, which are probably
recognized by two different nuclear factors. Mutations in either
class abolished the ventral repression mediated by the VRE and
converted it from a silencer into an enhancer. Our results argued for
a combinatorial mechanism of dl repression whereby dl molecules block
transcription when they form repressive complexes with neighboring
bound corepressors.
Order No: AAC 1348628 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: CONVERSION OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL DATA TO THREE-DIMENSIONAL CAD FORMAT
Author: SUNDARAMURTHY, VIJAYASHREE
School: THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT ARLINGTON (2502) Degree: MS
Date: 1992 pp: 81
Advisor: DEVARAJAN, VENKAT
Source: MAI 31/01, p. 403, Spring 1993
Subject: ENGINEERING, ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL (0544); COMPUTER
SCIENCE (0984)
Abstract: An algorithm is presented for the conversion of 2D data to
3D CAD format. This algorithm is a combination of a constraint
propagation technique and a volume intersection technique. It is
similar to the one developed by Zen Chen (9) but the complexity of
that algorithm is significantly reduced by the use of the proposed
volume intersection technique.
The three major phases in the conversion process are:
decomposition, reconstruction of subpart, subpart composition. The
decomposition phase recognizes certain features in the 2D drawing.
The reconstruction phase recognizes each feature as a particular
class of object and determines the dimensions from other 2D drawings.
The root or the base object is also constructed by extruding the
outline of all the three views and, by performing a volume
intersection operation on it. The final phase consists of interactive
assembling of the parts by the user. Since the various parts are
created within an AUTOCAD$/sp1$ file, with their relative position
same as their position in the final object, the user can assemble the
parts using Boolean operation commands. ftn$/sp1$AUTOCAD is a
trademark of AUTODESK
Order No: AAC 1348659 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: FABRICATION AND PERFORMANCE OF AC THIN-FILM ELECTROLUMINESCENT DEVICES USING MOCVD PREPARED ZINC SULFIDE:MANGANESE PHOSPHOR LAYERS
Author: CHUANG, DA-ZEN
School: SAN JOSE STATE UNIVERSITY (6265) Degree: MS Date: 1992
pp: 113
Advisor: MASTERS, BURT
Source: MAI 31/01, p. 411, Spring 1993
Subject: ENGINEERING, MATERIALS SCIENCE (0794); ENGINEERING,
ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL (0544); ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL
(0542)
Abstract: Thin film electroluminescent devices with the
metal-insulator-semiconductor-insulator-metal structure were made and
studied in this work. MOCVD prepared ZnS was used as a phosphor layer
after the introduction of manganese centers by thermal diffusion;
vacuum evaporated SiO was chosen for the insulating layers; the whole
device was fabricated on an ITO glass substrate. A sinusoidal power
supply was connected to the devices to apply voltage for
electroluminescence (EL) generation. EL was created as the applied
voltage exceeded threshold value. The emission waveform of EL was
observed to be unsymmetrical with respect to the polarity of the
applied voltage. The luminance v.s. applied voltage curves exhibited
a memory effect and aging effect. The average lifetime of the
prepared devices was about two to three hours. Reproducibility was
poor. Replacing the SiO, together with better control of the device
fabrication might be of help to prolong the lifetime and increase the
reproducibility of devices using the proposed fabrication process.
Order No: AAC 9303017 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: GARY SNYDER'S POETRY: A STUDY OF THE FORMATION AND TRANSFORMATION OF HIS ENLIGHTENED VISION (SNYDER GARY, ZEN BUDDHISM)
Author: LIN, JYAN-LUNG
School: MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY (0128) Degree: PHD Date: 1992
pp: 240
Source: DAI-A 53/12, p. 4321, Jun 1993
Subject: LITERATURE, AMERICAN (0591)
Abstract: Since the appearance of Jack Kerouac's The Dharma Bums
(1958) and Alan Watts' Beat Zen Square Zen and Zen (1959), Gary
Snyder's poetic reputation has increased dramatically. His books
received sympathetic and serious criticism in the 1960's from such
important poet-critics as Kenneth Rexroth and Robert Bly. In the last
two decades at least three full-length studies of Snyder's mind and
art have been published. More recently, a number of critics have
attempted to explicate his esoteric allusions to Zen Buddhist
thought. Yet no critical study of Snyder's poetry presenting his
spiritual development as well as the transforming visions that come
with his Buddhist enlightenment has been written. My study makes a
start. In discussing Snyder's poetry, I rely on Zen methodology while
placing his work within American literary tradition, dating back to
Emerson, which seeks new sources of inspiration from the Orient.
The introductory chapter looks briefly at Snyder's life from a
chronological perspective, which includes his direct contact with Zen
Buddhism and Oriental literature. The second chapter contains an
introduction to Zen Buddhism and poetry in that tradition, and a
discussion of Snyder's poetics--his imagism grounded on the principle
of Zen aesthetics and his elliptical style suitable for expressing
the inexpressible. In the third chapter, I examine his holistic
vision of the phenomenal and the noumenal. The fourth chapter reveals
the process of his spiritual development from self-examination to an
exercise of social wisdom. The fifth chapter deals with his
transforming visions, suggested by his sense of humour, his daily
activities, and the unique Zen moods underlying his poetry. In the
final chapter, I evaluate Snyder's poetry and make some comments
concerning its contribution to American literature as well as to the
ecology movement.
Snyder's best work stems from his vision of an integrated and
unified world. It not only influences poets but attempts to create in
the reader a change of consciousness. His Zen Buddhist insights
presented through sensuous images are the source of a poetry of
incredible power and beauty. He has learned from the Orient a poetry
of spontaneity and startling originality which expands the range and
depth of a literary tradition deeply rooted in the American past.
Order No: AAC 9305277 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: THE ODYSSEY OF THE BUDDHIST MIND: THE ALLEGORY OF 'THE LATER JOURNEY TO THE WEST' (CHINESE)
Author: LIU, XIAOLIAN
School: WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY (0252) Degree: PHD Date: 1992
pp: 360
Advisor: HEGEL, ROBERT E.
Source: DAI-A 53/09, p. 3203, Mar 1993
Subject: LITERATURE, COMPARATIVE (0295); LITERATURE, ASIAN (0305);
RELIGION, PHILOSOPHY OF (0322)
Abstract: The Later Journey to the West by an anonymous Chinese
author of the seventeenth century, was written as a sequel to Wu
Cheng'en's (ca. 1510-82) Journey to the West, a story of Tripitaka
and his disciples on a pilgrimage to obtain Buddhist scriptures in
the Western Paradise. The sequel describes the journey taken by the
younger generation of the original pilgrims to the Spirit Mountain in
search for the true teachings of the scriptures. This dissertation
examines the theme, structure and characterization of the novel and
their allegorical meanings by demonstrating that the journey of the
pilgrims operates on two levels: on the literary level, the heroes go
through adventures and ordeals in the physical world of mortals, gods
and demons; on the allegorical level, the process is symbolic of the
religious transformation in the spiritual world of the human mind.
Portrayed as historical figures, mythic beings and demonic creatures,
the pilgrims and their adversaries carry out their thematic functions
as symbolic personages representing the moral behavior of various
social types, or personifying abstract ideas and desires in the realm
of Buddhist psychology. Thus the depiction of the battle or
confrontation between the pilgrims and their enemies represents the
author's effort to illustrate allegorically not only the experience
of resisting social evils and temptations, but also the dualistic
nature of the human mind with both divine and demonic tendencies, as
symbolized by Buddhas and demons. Structured on the Chan (Zen)
Buddhist doctrine that Buddhahood (which stands for Truth or the
final goal of Buddhism) is only attained through the cultivation of
one's own mind, the journey ends with the pilgrims' triumph over
their adversaries and their acquisition of the ultimate divine
wisdom, which symbolize the perfect control of the secular mind as
the source of all untamed human instincts and desires. Through the
analysis of the themes and narrative techniques of the novel, this
study aims to shed some light not only on the author's literary
achievement, but also on the generic features of allegorical
discourse against the background of both Western and Chinese
allegorical traditions.
Order No: AAC 9301854 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: EL UNIVERSO POETICO DE JOSE KOZER (SPANISH TEXT, KOZER JOSE, CUBA)
Author: HEREDIA MORILLO, AIDA LUCIA
School: STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK AT BUFFALO (0656)
Degree: PHD Date: 1992 pp: 221
Advisor: RICHARDS, HENRY J.
Source: DAI-A 53/09, p. 3232, Mar 1993
Language: SPANISH
Subject: LITERATURE, LATIN AMERICAN (0312)
Abstract: This dissertation analyzes the fundamental themes in the
work of the Cuban poet Jose Kozer (1940) and determines the nature of
this cosmovision. Kozer's work has been classified as
neobarroco-neobarroso because of its multivocal quality. Our study of
recurring themes, such as the family, death, love, and writing, is
enriched by that of the varied treatments of images, situations and
objects. Kozer's early poems follow a linear movement, and the
referents are easily accessible. As his writing evolves, however, his
linguistic expression becomes more complex, the direct style yields
to an exuberant, ambiguous one, but the roots of his poetry remain,
paradoxically, in the quotidian. The increasing density of Kozer's
poetic language reveals a sense of integration and a desire to show
how the multiple aspects of everyday human existence are harmoniously
related.
In the first chapter we examine the dual role of the family. The
family as sign simultaneously manifests the disintegration of the
world and orients the poet in his attempt to reestablish societal
bonds. Kozer's treatment of the family begins with the father, who at
times provokes a poetry that highlights spiritual death, loss of
faith in humanity, and the mother, who almost always inspires a
poetry that celebrates life. As a consequence, the poet appears to
vacillate between disbelief and faith in spiritual regeneration,
between an awareness of the delusive nature of poetic writing and a
belief in its ability to enlighten. Kozer's preoccupation with his
Judeo-Christian heritage contributes to the psychological tension and
the sense of multiplicity that define his work. The poems discussed
in this chapter come from De Chepen a La Habana (1973), Este judio de
numeros y letras (1975), Bajo este cien (1963) and La garza sin
sombras (1985).
The second chapter deals with poems that reflect Kozer's
preoccupation with Zen philosophy, whose focus is on man's daily life
as a way towards the illumination of the inner self. The poems
examined here come from Jarron de las abreviaturas (1980), Bajo este
cien and La garza sin sombras.
The spiritual attitude reflected in Kozer's oriental poems is
strengthened in Carece de causa (1988), the collection on which the
final chapter concentrates. The creative act appears as a dual sacred
ceremony: the celebration of the Catholic mass and the writing of
poetry. The poet tries to mollify the rigidity of the Catholic
mass--emblematic of a circular movement from death to
resurrection--by juxtaposing against it the ecumenical nature of
poetry and the flexibility of poetic expression. In this chapter we
also analyze the way in which the poet treats sewing as a metaphor
for writing and associates both acts of creation with the divine.
Order No: AAC 9232284 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: JOHN CAGE'S 'EUROPERAS 1 & 2': THE MUSICAL MEANS OF REVOLUTION (CAGE JOHN, BUDDHISM, MUSIC AESTHETICS, ZEN BUDDHISM)
Author: KUHN, LAURA DIANE
School: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, LOS ANGELES (0031) Degree: PHD
Date: 1992 pp: 734
Advisor: HUTCHINSON, WILLIAM
Source: DAI-A 53/06, p. 1718, Dec 1992
Subject: MUSIC (0413); PHILOSOPHY (0422); AMERICAN STUDIES (0323)
Abstract: John Cage's Europeras 1 & 2 is a chance-determined,
musico-dramatic stage collage in which each of its elements, drawn
largely from Europe's operatic past, is given independence from the
others, resulting in a work marked by a total absence of intended
musical or dramatic interrelationships. Through its pervasive chance
design, it is also a complex expression of Cage's aesthetic of
nonintention, born of his early involvement with Zen Buddhist thought
and later colored by the philosophical ideas of such 20th-century
figures as R. Buckminster Fuller and Marshall McLuhan. As a poetic
embodiment of Synergy, the work may be viewed within a context of
hybrid artforms characterized by experimental juxtaposition--operaic
in essence, but transformed, like the earlier Happening to which it
relates, through the influences of collage. The intention behind
Cage's nonintention may thus be said to encourage the senses toward a
radical reappraisal of the nature of interrelationships between self,
world, and representations.
The method utilized, in keeping with the field of Systematic
Musicology, is interdisciplinary, with particular reliance upon
aesthetics, philosophy, sociology, and psychology. Through
comparative and interpretive means, it explores how the philosophical
informs the compositional. It also seeks to answer such questions as:
What are the integrated and integrating effects of chance-coordinated
art? Such questions are key, for Europeras 1 & 2 can only be viewed
as a cluster of unanticipated behaviors between and among what are
only relativistically secure symbolic structures. Europeras 1 & 2
emerges as an exemplary model of reconstructive Postmodernist
practice, reflecting a newly-emerging paradigm with an ecological
perspective on art. This gives rise to a new philosophical framework
and aesthetic which, through such imperatives as social
responsibility and ecological attunement, seeks to reconnect the
artistic with the social.
Order No: AAC 1350603 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: THE PARADOX OF JOHN CAGE
Author: GONZALEZ, JUAN CARLOS
School: FLORIDA ATLANTIC UNIVERSITY (0119) Degree: MA Date: 1992
pp: 92
Advisor: KEATON, KENNETH
Source: MAI 31/02, p. 504, Summer 1993
Subject: MUSIC (0413); THEATER (0465)
Abstract: It has been said that John Cage has had a greater impact
on world music than any other American composer in the 20th Century.
His work spans the media of visual art, dance, literature, and most
relevant to this study, theater. What seemed to be a troubled
personal state in his life led him to Eastern philosophies. The Zen
philosophy of non-intention led to the creation of music that
expressed no emotion and allowed the audience to do its own
listening. Moreover, this indeterminacy allowed music to be action.
This theatrical approach influenced a generation of artists that
became the heart of the anti-art movement. This movement included
happenings, multi-media works, and Fluxus. Many of these events were
not only a revolt against conventional art, but also the state of
political and social thought. In attempting to say nothing in his
works, Cage communicated his manifesto quite well.
Order No: AAC 9235744 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: SOUL MAKING WOMEN: A PHILOSOPHICAL EXPLORATION OF IMAGINAL
FEMINISMS (FEMINISM)
Author: HIRSCHBOECK, PAULA
School: THE UNION INSTITUTE (1033) Degree: PHD Date: 1992
pp: 254
Advisor: CRUNKLETON, MARTHA
Source: DAI-A 53/07, p. 2403, Jan 1993
Subject: PHILOSOPHY (0422); WOMEN'S STUDIES (0453); RELIGION,
GENERAL (0318)
Abstract: This dissertation investigates the theory that imagination
creates reality and the possibility that women's imaginations, in
particular, are changing human experiences of the self, the world and
the divine. The investigation is based upon an understanding of the
soul as the image making process and 'ensouling' as an imaginal way
of being embodied in the world. I begin by tracing this
non-substantialist view of the soul in the West from Pre-Socratic
philosophy, through medieval mysticism and Renaissance hermeticism,
to contemporary Jungian and archetypal psychology. As supports for an
imaginal non-dual way of constituting the self, the world and the
divine, I discuss such diverse thinkers as Meister Eckhart, the
medieval Beguines, Martin Heidegger, and James Hillman.
I then explore feminism's contribution to the transformation of
human consciousness in the light of these understandings of soul and
ensouling. Various aspects of feminist thought and praxis are
discussed as supports for a theory of 'imaginal feminisms.' I use
this phrase to indicate the congruence between ensouling as a
non-dual way of seeing and feminist theories which question
perceptions of difference between self and other, male and female,
spirit and matter. Specific feminists, such as Luce Irigaray, Audre
Lorde, Mary Daly, Alice Walker and Suzanne Lacy, are discussed in
order to indicate imaginal feminist ways of seeing.
I conclude with a discussion of imaginal feminisms as a soul
making praxis which could offer ways to re-vision or re-ensoul the
world. Three soul making practices are identified: dissolution,
emptying and recreation. First, images imprinted upon consciousness
which are considered limiting or unhealthy by the soul maker are
dissolved. Second the soul maker opens to the possibility of an
empty, unconditioned state of consciousness. Third, images arising
out of the emptying phase are attended to and worked with. This soul
making praxis is based on theories and techniques from archetypal
psychology, Tibetan and Zen Buddhist meditative practices, and
exercises I developed. I propose that images arising from such soul
making practices can contribute to humanity's transformation of
itself and the world. Imaginal feminisms may be able to ensoul the
world anew, creating a reality of greater justice and compassion.
Order No: AAC 9222118 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: ZEN MEDITATION, SELF-AWARENESS, AND AUTONOMY
Author: WU, PEI-LI
School: STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK AT BUFFALO (0656)
Degree: PHD Date: 1992 pp: 139
Source: DAI-B 53/06, p. 3174, Dec 1992
Subject: PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL (0622); RELIGION, GENERAL (0318)
Abstract: This is a survey of Zen meditator's autonomy and
self-consciousness. In this study, there are four dependent
variables: autonomy, private self-consciousness, public
self-consciousness, and social anxiety. They were predicted by two
independent variables: the length of Zen meditation practice and the
depth of meditation experience.
It was hypothesized that there were positive relationships
between the practice of Zen meditation and the degree of autonomy and
private self-consciousness, but a negative relationship with public
self-consciousness and social anxiety.
The length of meditation practice was measured by three
indicators (ZENM, ZENF, and ZENL), scored on the Background and
Demographics Questionnaires. The depth of meditation experience was
measured by three indicators (Cognition, Focus, and Self-impression),
scored on 11 subscales of the Profile of Trance, Imaging, and
Meditation Experience (TIME). The degree of autonomy was measured by
four subscales of the Worthington Autonomy Scale (WAS, Family
Loyalty, Value, Emotional, and Behavioral Autonomy). The degree of
private self-consciousness, the degree of public self-consciousness,
and social anxiety were measured by three subscales of the
Self-Consciousness Scales (SCS).
To understand the relationships between independent variables and
dependent variables, all collected data were analyzed by the computer
program LISREL 7 (Joreskog, 1989) to estimate the hypothetical model
of this study.
A total of 55 subjects participated in the survey. The sample of
this study consists of 55 Zen meditators, 41 male and 14 female. The
average age for subjects was 40.945 years. The subject pool came from
eleven Zen centers in the United States.
The results of this study found that the length of meditation
practice has its greatest influence on public self-consciousness
($/gamma/sb[31]$ = $-$.878), and the depth of meditation experience
has its greatest influence on private self-consciousness
($/gamma/sb[22]$ =.530). The hypothetical model of this study also
found to fit the data reasonably ($/chi/sbsp[53][2]$ = 73.5, the
ratio of df over $/chi/sp2$ is greater than.5). However, in order to
avoid the anomalies due to small sample size, a large sample size is
suggested for the future research.
Order No: AAC 9312642 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: A QUESTIONNAIRE STUDY COMPARING MYSTICAL EXPERIENCE AMONG ZEN, YOGA, CHRISTIAN, AND NON-SPIRITUAL GROUPS
Author: HERRON, WILLIAM JOSEPH
School: CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF INTEGRAL STUDIES (0392)
Degree: PHD Date: 1992 pp: 163
Source: DAI-B 54/04, p. 2179, Oct 1993
Subject: PSYCHOLOGY, GENERAL (0621); RELIGION, GENERAL (0318)
Abstract: This dissertation was a questionnaire study which compared
four groups as to their scores on a questionnaire which measured
mystical experience. The four groups included three groups of
spiritual practitioners in the traditions of Yoga, Zen, and
Christianity, and one group of persons with no spiritual affiliation
or interest.
The groups, each of 24 persons, 12 male and 12 female, were
matched for age, education, and gender. The questionnaire itself was
based on the work of W. T. Stace, Ralph Hood, Jr., Alister Hardy, and
Andrew Greeley. 32 of the 80 questions were taken directly from
Hood's M scale, which itself was made up of eight subscales based on
theoretical criteria which Stace saw as defining the mystical
experience. An additional 32 questions were derived by the researcher
from the categories of Mystical Experience in the work of Alister
Hardy, The Spiritual Nature of Man, and the remaining 16 questions
from the work of Andrew Greeley. The Greeley questions focused on the
area of the paranormal, and a possible distinction between the
mystical and the paranormal was explored. The research also examined
the differences between the questions taken from Hood, Hardy, and
Greeley.
The combined mean score of the three spiritual groups was
significantly higher than the mean for the non-spiritual persons on
the total questionnaire. In addition, the Yoga group scored
significantly higher than the other spiritual groups. Also, on six of
the eight subscales the combined mean scores of the spiritual groups
was significantly higher than that of the non-spiritual persons. The
Yoga group was significantly higher than each of the other groups on
the Ego Quality, Unifying Quality, and Inner Subjectivity subscales.
The Zen group scored unexpectedly low on the total questionnaire as
well as on the Noetic Subscale. Subjects scoring high on the Hood M
scale also tended to score high on the Hardy and Greeley items, and a
hypothesized distinction between scores on the mystic and paranormal
items was not substantiated.
Order No: AAC 9135171 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: THE POETICS OF ATTENTION AS AN EMERGING RELIGIOUS STANCE IN RECENT AMERICAN POETRY
Author: PARR, CHRISTOPHER P.
School: BOSTON UNIVERSITY (0017) Degree: PHD Date: 1992 pp: 386
Advisor: OLSON, ALAN M.
Source: DAI-A 52/07, p. 2586, Jan 1992
Subject: RELIGION, GENERAL (0318); LITERATURE, MODERN (0298);
LITERATURE, AMERICAN (0591)
Abstract: The enactment of attention in the work of certain postwar
American poets is more than a poetic strategy--it entails a
revisioning of experience itself. This dissertation explores the
poetry of attention along two lines. It examines the poets' attention
to whatever is at hand as a significant 'stance towards reality.'
Further, it asserts that this stance of attention locates meaning and
value in ways distinct from most Western world-views, in that it
implies a nondualistic understanding of reality.
The dissertation begins with an Overture, a reading of one poem
by James Schuyler demonstrating how attention functions as a stance
towards reality. Part I consists of four chapters that relate the
poetics of attention to the field of Religion and Literature and
define its key terms. Chapter One proposes the consideration of
stances as a method to reenergize the study of Religion and
Literature. Chapter Two identifies the poets of attention, and their
poetry's critique of dualistic poetic theories and worldviews.
Chapters Three and Four define the terms in 'stance of attention,'
and survey the role attention is accorded in the world's religions,
notably Buddhism.
Part II examines key aspects of attention in the writing of three
poets: Gary Snyder, Robert Creeley, and Frank O'Hara. Chapter Five
considers Snyder's youth in the American West, his formal training in
Zen Buddhism, and his understanding of the Buddhist view of sunyata
(emptiness) as grounds for a nondual experience of existence, as
sources for his acute attention. In Chapter Six the more affirmative
aspects of his outlook are explored through his explicitly religious
insight into the metaphysics of empty as-it-isness (tathata), and
interrelatedness, as informed by Zen and Kegon Buddhism, as well as
Native American and ecological sources. The role of attention in the
more secular but implicitly nondualistic poetry of Creeley and O'Hara
is the subject of Chapter Seven, showing how Creeley's work manifests
attention in terms analogous to empty as-it-isness, and O'Hara's in
terms of interrelatedness.
The Coda projects certain possibilities for exploring further the
poetic and religious stances emerging in the poetics of attention.
Order No: AAC 9300082 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: ARCHING BACKWARD, AND, A CROSS-CULTURAL STUDY OF MYSTICISM AS THE CONTEXT FOR A PHENOMENOLOGICAL STUDY: ARCHING
BACKWARD
Author: ADLER, JANET
School: THE UNION INSTITUTE (1033) Degree: PHD Date: 1992
pp: 395
Source: DAI-A 53/09, p. 3246, Mar 1993
Subject: RELIGION, GENERAL (0318)
Abstract: Adler's work places a contemporary and eclectic initiation
experience in the context of a cross-cultural study of mystical
traditions. The manuscript is divided into two parts:
phenomenological and contextual studies.
Arching Backward: A Translation is the first half of the
dissertation, a narrative gleaned from Bracha Woolf's journal
recordings. In mid-life, with no knowledge of or interest in
spiritual matters, she experienced the spontaneous eruption of the
kundalini. In the following four and a half years, hundreds of
visions occurred, reflecting classic initiation themes and archetypal
images rooted in several mystical traditions. An uncanny and organic
ordering of sensation and image developed as the process unfolded.
The narrative is comprised of a weave of prose and poetry. The
poetry is the experience of the visions translated into words. The
prose reflects her questions, the impact of this energy on her body,
and makes reference to the profound changes that were occurring in
her perceptual experiences. Reference to her immediate situation
regarding family and friends grounds the material.
The second half of the dissertation, A Cross-Cultural Study of
Mysticism as the Context for a Phenomenological Study: Arching
Backward is a review of the literature of Jewish, Christian, Zen
Buddhist, and Shamanic mystical traditions, especially as they
reflect the phenomenon of initiation. The Hindu tradition is included
through the work of three specific mystics because of their
perspectives and philosophies concerning the present spiritual
crisis.
The contextual study explores the similarities between the
process, content, and consequences of Bracha's journey and classic
initiatory journeys in the above named traditions, and the
differences, related to the absence of a teacher and spiritual
community. The conclusion suggests that Bracha's initiation supports
a paradigm shift which asserts that mysticism is no longer bound by
religious structure.
Order No: AAC 9223323 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: THE POTENTIAL CONTRIBUTION OF KOREAN BUDDHISM: UPDATING POJO CHINUL THROUGH MUTUAL TRANSFORMATION WITH ALFRED NORTH WHITEHEAD (WHITEHEAD ALFRED NORTH)
Author: KANG, SUNGDO
School: THE CLAREMONT GRADUATE SCHOOL (0047) Degree: PHD
Date: 1992 pp: 239
Source: DAI-A 53/06, p. 1968, Dec 1992
Subject: RELIGION, PHILOSOPHY OF (0322); THEOLOGY (0469)
Abstract: For a thousand years, Korean Buddhism has maintained a
remarkable unity in marked contrast with the Buddhism of China and
Japan. The desire for such harmonious unity is a characteristic of
Korean culture, and a succession of leading Buddhists tried to
achieve it. But the one who succeeded and who placed his stamp on all
that followed was Pojo Chinul (1158-1210). This attainment was, of
course, a 'political' one for a unified kingdom. But it required
original thought as well. A coherent interpretation of Buddhism, by
which Pojo could unify the fractious schools and traditions,
especially HuaYen and Zen, was a major achievement.
Pojo accomplished this unification by arguing against Zen that
conceptual analysis can aid a bodhisattva in the attainment of
enlightenment and against HuaYen that it must always be viewed as
skillful means (Sanskrit upaya). This entailed a reformation and a
simplification of HuaYen's complex conceptual structures. He shifted
the analysis of 'that which is real' from dependent co-arising
(Chinese yuanchi lun) to intrinsic origination (Korean sungki ron) so
as to emphasize (momentary) subjectivity.
Pojo replaced the complex HuaYen account of fifty-two stages of
enlightenment with five alternative paths geared to the diverse
capabilities of people. For him, all diverse ways lead people to the
same goal. He affirmed the sudden enlightenment (of Zen) but
encouraged continual cultivation (of HuaYen) thereafter.
Despite his great success, there are certain limitations of
Pojo's thought for contemporary people influenced by the West.
Our way of developing Pojo's thought is through engagement with
that of Alfred North Whitehead. Whitehead has a rigorously developed
conceptuality and cosmology that have a congeniality with Buddhism in
general and with Pojo's thought in particular. Some of the lacks of
precision in Pojo's analysis can be renewed by emphasizing
Whitehead's formulations, and a broad cosmological context can be
provided.
But there is a question how far one can go in using Whitehead's
conceptuality without distorting Pojo's Buddhist originality. On
closer examination it turns out that Whitehead's formulations are
more amenable to Buddhist interpretation than his Western followers
have recognized. It is possible to develop Whitehead's thought in a
Buddhist way while developing Pojo's thought in a Whiteheadian way.
(Abstract shortened with permission of author.)
Order No: AAC 9232120 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: ON THE VIRTUE OF FILIAL PIETY IN THE 'SUMMA THEOLOGIAE' OF THOMAS AQUINAS: AN ANALYSIS AND COMPARATIVE COMMENTARY (THOMAS AQUINAS SAINT, CONFUCIANISM, ZEN BUDDHISM, BUDDHISM)
Author: MIKKELSON, DOUGLAS KENT
School: COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY (0054) Degree: PHD Date: 1992
pp: 291
Source: DAI-A 53/06, p. 1968, Dec 1992
Subject: RELIGION, PHILOSOPHY OF (0322)
Abstract: My intent is to contribute to an articulation of the
virtue of filial piety in Aquinas's thought via a discussion centered
on an analysis of, and comparative commentary on, question 101,
'pietas,' of the secunda secundae of the Summa. The comparative
commentary focuses on the Western sources Aquinas relies upon in the
development of question 101, and passages from East Asian sources
(predominantly classical Chinese Confucianism and Dogen's Zen
Buddhism) addressing the subject of filial piety. The comparative
methodology employed in this dissertation takes its inspiration from
Lee Yearley's work, Mencius and Aquinas: Theories of Virtue and
Conceptions of Courage. Via the employment of focal and secondary
terms, it becomes apparent that we can see Aquinas's virtue of pietas
as adequately expressed by the focal term 'filial piety.' This
discovery fuels the comparative work in the dissertation, and places
an aspect of Aquinas's thinking in an advantageous place for other
possible comparative discussions with figures East and West.
Order No: NOT AVAILABLE FROM UMI ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: SEARCH FOR SERENITY IN NEW AGE THINKING: THEOLOGICAL DISPUTE WITH K. WILBER AND H. M. ENOMIYA-LASSALLE, SJ (WILBER KEN, ENOMIYA LASSALLE HUGO MAKIBI) [HEILSSUCHE IM 'NEW AGE': THEOLOGISCHE AUSEINANDERSETZUNG MIT K. WILBER UND H. M. ENOMIYA-LASSALLE SJ]
Author: GOTZ, CLEMENS
School: PONTIFICIA UNIVERSITAS GREGORIANA (VATICAN) (1049)
Degree: THD Date: 1992 pp: 354
Source: DAI-C 54/02, p. 387, Summer 1993
Language: GERMAN
Subject: THEOLOGY (0469)
Abstract: Die umfassende Bedrohung der Lebensgrundlagen ruckte in
den spaten 70er und in den 80er Jahren in den Vordergrund der
gesellschaftlichen Wahrnehmung: individuelle Entwurzelung, soziale
Destabilisierung, globale Selbstzerstorung. Das Scheitern der
bisherigen zivilisationspragenden Konzepte wurde offensichtlich. Neue
Orientierung wird fur alle Lebensbereiche gesucht. Alternative
Modelle werden haufig mit religiosen Heilserwartungen verknupft.--Die
'neue Religiositat' entwickelt sich an den christlichen Kirchen
vorbei. Zur traditionellen Religion des Christentums wird eine
'alternative Spiritualitat' gesucht, die im deutschsprachigen Raum
haufig unter dem Dachbegriff New Age zusammengefasst wird.
Aus dieser Situation ergibt sich die Fragestellung der
Doktorthese: Was hat es mit New Age auf sich? Welche Heilsverheissung
und welche Weltsicht verbirgt sich hinter dem haufig wiederkehrenden
Programmwort des 'Neuen Bewusstseins'?--Ist jedoch die
'New-Age-Bewegung' nur das sichtbare Signal einer weit verbreiteten
Heilssehnsucht, so stellt ihr Erfolg an den christlichen Glauben die
Frage: Was suchen die Menschen unserer Zeit? Worin besteht ihre Not,
wo bedurfen sie des Heils? Welche Wege weist der christliche Glaube
den Heilsuchenden der Gegenwart? Dieser Fragestellung wird in drei
Kapiteln nachgegangen: Im ersten Kapitel wird die Uneinheitlichkeit
der New-Age-Bewegung anhand der Literatur aus New Age gezeigt und der
Forschungsstand uber New Age aus der Sekundarliteratur erarbeitet. Im
zweiten Kapitel wird dessen Bedeutung aus dem Werk zweier Autoren
erhoben: Ken Wilber ($/sp/*$1949) und Hugo Makibi Enomiya-Lassalle SJ
(1898-1990). Ihr umfangreiches Werk wird unter systematischen
Gesichtspunkten geordnet dargestellt und auf weltanschauliche
Implikationen hin untersucht. Die Untersuchung betritt bei dieser
Aufgabe Neuland, da nicht nur beide Autoren theologisch erstmalig
erschlossen werden, sondern uberhaupt detaillierte Darstellung und
Kritik von New-Age-Autoren aus theologischer Sicht bisher kaum zu
finden sind.--Wilbert gilt als fuhrender Systematiker des New Age und
empfiehlt sich von daher fur eine Auseinandersetzung.
Enomiya-Lassalle ist--weithin unbeachtet von der theologischen
Fachwelt, die ihn als Vermittler der Zen-Meditation kennt--als Autor
zum 'Neuen Bewusstsein' hervorgetreten. Das dritte Kapitel steht
unter der Frage: Welche Wege weist der christliche Glaube den
solcherart Suchenden? Das Gesprach mit der Gegenwart hat besonders
die Fundamentaltheologie zu pflegen; von ihr werden deshalb auch die
entsprechenden Antworten erwartet. Die in den letzten Jahren
erschienenen Gesamtdarstellungen der Fundamentaltheologie im
deutschsprachigen Raum werden auf die oben geannten Stichworte hin
untersucht. Der in der vorliegenden Arbeit angelegte Frageraster
verlauft quer zu den ublichen fundamentaltheologischen
Themenstellungen. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
Order No: AAC 9113307 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: MECHANICS OF SUPERCONDUCTING MAGNETIC BEARINGS
Author: CHANG, PEI-ZEN
School: CORNELL UNIVERSITY (0058) Degree: PHD Date: 1991
pp: 181
Source: DAI-B 51/12, p. 5963, Jun 1991
Subject: APPLIED MECHANICS (0346)
Abstract: In this dissertation, the static and dynamic
characteristics of passive superconducting magnetic bearings using
high-temperature Type-II superconducting ceramics are studied.
Emphasis is on the magnetic-force interactions between permanent
magnets and bulk high-temperature Type-II superconducting ceramics in
the mixed state. The results derived from this study can be applied
to electromechanical devices using high-temperature superconductors
as force-generating or vibration-eliminating elements.
Levitation forces and lateral forces in relation to the gaps in
superconducting bearings were measured using a beam-and-camera
system. Dynamic magnetic stiffness derived from vibration tests were
compared to static magnetic stiffness. The relaxation of magnetic
forces as a function of time was measured as well. The behavior of
levitation forces at temperatures form 4.2 K to 77 K were studied. A
rotor equipped with two superconducting bearings was fabricated and
was spun up to 120,000 RPM. The drag torques acting on the rotor were
measured at bot atmospherical pressure and at a partial vacuum of a
few mm Hg.
Many high-temperature superconductors of different compositions
of fabricated through different processing techniques were
investigated by measuring the magnetic force-gap relationships. The
data indicated that YBa$/sb2$Cu$/sb3$O$/sb7$ specimens made of
melt-quench process produced the largest magnetic forces obtained in
the laboratory so far.
Models predicting the magnetic forces between superconductors and
externally applied magnetic fields were studied. A numerical scheme
based on the magnetization model was developed. The calculated
levitation force-gap relationships showed a reasonable agreement with
experimental results.
Order No: AAC 9131479 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: IDENTIFICATION OF KEY GENES IN EARLY DEVELOPMENT IN SILK MOTH (HYALOPHORA CECROPIA)
Author: WATSON, CORNELIUS ADALGO
School: WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY (0255) Degree: PHD Date: 1991
pp: 152
Source: DAI-B 52/07, p. 3393, Jan 1992
Subject: BIOLOGY, CELL (0379); BIOLOGY, MOLECULAR (0307)
Abstract: Two approaches have been used to identify genes involved
in early development of the silk moth Hyalophora cecropia.
Differential screening was used to select for maternal mRNA localized
in the cortex of the egg. In situ hybridization using radioactive
polyuridylic acid has revealed that a considerable amount of
poly(A)$/sp+$ mRNA is present in this area. Differential screening of
the library using cDNA made against mRNAs from the yolky cytoplasm
(soluble fraction) and the cortical cytoplasm (Triton X-100 insoluble
fraction) detected several clones hybridizing only to probes from the
insoluble fraction. An Ec4b probe was found to bind to mRNAs in the
nurse cell cytoplasm, the cortex of the oocyte, and follicle cells.
Hybridization of the insert from Ec4b to detergent insoluble
(cortical) RNA dot blots further supported the in situ data that the
mRNA corresponding to Ec4b was enriched in the cortical fraction.
Analyses of the nucleotide and putative amino acid sequences of the
3$/sp/prime$ end revealed 75% similarity to a lepidopteran chorion
class B gene and 58% similarity to vertebrate cytokeratins. The
filter and in situ hybridization data point to possible association
of specific messenger RNAs with the cortical cytoskeleton of silk
moth oocytes. The presence of glycine-x-glycine repeats is
characteristic of fibrous proteins which represent structural
components necessary during cellularization of the blastoderm embryo.
A second approach to identifying developmental genes utilized the
polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify and isolate specific
homeobox sequences from the genomic DNA of H. cecropia. The protein
sequence information from the Drosophila melanogaster
homeobox-containing genes Zerknullt (zen) was used to construct
degenerate primers for PCR. PCR product of predicted size was
obtained using genomic DNA as template in the PCR. Conceptual
translation shows that the region of genomic DNA extended by the PCR
encodes 22 amino acids, which appear to be a part of an open reading
frame. Southern analysis using one of the clones (HCHOM10) confirms
its representation in the H. cecropia genomic pool. Northern and dot
blot analysis using egg mRNA indicate that the gene containing this
homeobox may not be transcribed during oogenesis, but probably during
the pregastrulation period. (Abstract shortened with permission of
author.)
Order No: AAC 9207142 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: THE MECHANISM OF ERMC MRNA DEGRADATION IN BACILLUS SUBTILIS
Author: ZEN, KUO HUEI
School: CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK (0046) Degree: PHD
Date: 1991 pp: 114
Advisor: BECHHOFER, DAVID H.
Source: DAI-B 52/09, p. 4604, Mar 1992
Subject: BIOLOGY, MOLECULAR (0307)
Abstract: The ermC gene encodes an rRNA methyltransferase and
confers erythromycin resistance on the host by reducing the affinity
of ribosome for erythromycin. A previous study had shown that ermC
mRNA is stabilized in the presence of erythromycin, an inducer of
ermC gene expression. The induced stability of ermC mRNA requires a
ribosome stalled in the ermC leader peptide sequence. Our working
hypothesis was that the 5$/sp/prime$ end of ermC mRNA is the target
of decay and ribosome stalling in the leader peptide sequence
protects ermC mRNA from ribonucleolytic decay in the
5$/sp/prime$-to-3$/sp/prime$ direction.
In order to test this hypothesis, several insertion mutations of
the ermC leader region were constructed and used to examine how
ribosome stalling affects ermC mRNA stability. Using constructs in
which the ribosome stall site was internal rather than at the
5$/sp/prime$ end of the message, it was shown that ribosome stalling
provides stability to sequences downstream but not upstream of the
ribosome stall site. In a construct that contained a ribosome stall
site at the 5$/sp/prime$ end, in addition to an internal ribosome
stall site, the full-length RNA was stabilized in the presence of
erythromycin. These results strongly suggest that ermC mRNA is
degraded either by a 5$/sp/prime$-to-3$/sp/prime$ exoribonuclease or
by an endoribonuclease that binds to 5$/sp/prime$ end and make
endoribonucleolytic cleavages as it progresses in the
5$/sp/prime$-to-3$/sp/prime$ direction, and that a stalled ribosome
at the 5$/sp/prime$ end protects against this type of decay.
To provide biochemical evidence for this conclusion, B. subtilis
extracts were prepared, and RNase substrates were synthesized that
could be used to identify a 5$/sp/prime$ end-requiring RNase activity
in B. subtilis extracts. First, it was shown that ermC mRNA
synthesized by in vitro transcription is degraded in B. subtilis
extracts. Second, an RNA-DNA joint molecule was synthesized that
contained an RNA moiety in its 5$/sp/prime$ and a ssDNA moiety in its
3$/sp/prime$ region. This joint molecule is degraded to a ssDNA
molecule under the condition that degradation of DNA was inhibited,
indicating that the RNA moiety of the joint molecule is degraded
either by a 5$/sp/prime$-to-3$/sp/prime$ exoribonclease or by an
endoribonuclease activity in B. subtilis extracts. To distinguish
between these two possibilities, a circular RNA molecule was
constructed. This circular RNA was not degraded in B. subtilis
extracts although the linear RNA containing the same sequence as the
circular RNA was degraded. Taken together, these results suggest the
existence of a 5$/sp/prime$-to-3$/sp/prime$ exoribonuclease in B.
subtilis.
Order No: AAC MM65220 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: ZEN: AN OBJECT-ORIENTED HARDWARE DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE
Author: STEVENS-GUILLE, MAX EDWARD PETER
School: UNIVERSITY OF GUELPH (CANADA) (0081) Degree: MSC
Date: 1991 pp: 147
Advisor: MAJITHIA, J. C.
Source: MAI 30/04, p. 1389, Winter 1992
Subject: COMPUTER SCIENCE (0984)
ISBN: 0-315-65220-9
Abstract: Historically, as circuit densities have increased two-fold
per year, tools and techniques for their construction have not kept
pace. The Eighties have witnessed a tremendous growth in silicon
compilation techniques: specifically in the use of a high-level
behavioral description for the synthesis of circuits. The language
vehicles for describing behavior bear more than a passing resemblance
to programming languages.
In fact, the similarity between the process of silicon
compilation and software development transcends mere syntax. The
fundamental task of both processes is to describe the behavior of a
system over time. There is a strong parallel in the means in which
they approach this task.
As object-oriented techniques are of preeminent interest in
software, this paradigm should be examined for its suitability to the
hardware domain. The essence of the object-oriented paradigm is that
of placing an abstract structure on top of an existing modular
programming system. Objects encapsulate data with the operations that
act upon the data. Objects can be arranged in an hierarchy in which
they inherit attributes from their parents. Collectively, these
mechanisms form a powerful structuring facility that aids in program
composition, debugging, and maintenance.
To date, this paradigm has not been fully applied to hardware
description languages (the language component of a silicon compiler).
This thesis describes a hardware description language, Zen, that
implements the object-oriented paradigm in full.
Order No: AAC 9206640 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: TIME-VARYING LIQUIDITY PREFERENCE AND THE TERM STRUCTURE OF INTEREST RATES
Author: ZEN, DAVID HEN-MING
School: UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO AT BOULDER (0051) Degree: PHD
Date: 1991 pp: 159
Advisor: MOTT, TRACY L.
Source: DAI-A 52/09, p. 3371, Mar 1992
Subject: ECONOMICS, GENERAL (0501)
Abstract: The term structure of interest rates has been extensively
studied by economists for more than five decades. Three competing
theories have attracted the widest attention: the expectations
theory, the liquidity preference theory, and the segmented markets
theory.
Although it is usual to emphasize the antagonism that exists
between the conclusions obtained by these three theories, we note
that each of the three theories seeks an explanation for the term
structure in the forces of risk and uncertainty. Since their
differences lie in their conclusions and not in the reasoning by
which these conclusions are obtained, the insights gained by each of
these theories may be accomodated within a more general theory of the
term structure which predicts a time-varying term premium, one whose
movements are governed by cyclical changes in risk and risk aversion.
However, such a theory would be empty if it does not also furnish an
explanation for how changes in risk and uncertainty become translated
into time-varying liquidity preference. Much of the current
literature treats the term structure as a self-contained
autoregressive process. When the problem of the term structure
becomes one of explaining time-varying term premia, it becomes more
important to recognize the fact that, at any given instant in time,
the term structure must reflect underlying economic conditions.
This paper uses the ARCH-M model as developed by Engle, Lilien
and Robins (1987) to explore one possible connection between the
economy and the term structure. The ARCH-M model allows the degree of
uncertainty to be reflected in asset returns. This feature makes the
ARCH-M model especially useful for attacking problems involving
speculative prices. The design of the ARCH-M model also allows us to
distinguish between factors which act directly on liquidity
preference by creating risk aversion and those which have an indirect
effect through their ability to change the perceived riskiness of the
investment environment in which financial decisions are made.
It is argued here that the liquidity premium contained in the
long-term rate of interest should be inversely related to the
profitability of business fixed investment. A reciprocal argument
contends that liquidity preference should be directly related to the
burden of accumulated debt. Our application of the ARCH-M model
enables us to report evidence to support both sides of our reciprocal
argument. Furthermore, profitability and debt accumulation remain
capable of explaining changes in liquidity preference even when
confronted with the most common alternative explanations.
Order No: AAC MM67723 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: ALAN WATTS' THEOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
Author: HINZ, WILLIAM
School: MCGILL UNIVERSITY (CANADA) (0781) Degree: MA Date: 1991
pp: 150
Source: MAI 31/01, p. 62, Spring 1993
Subject: EDUCATION, RELIGIOUS (0527); EDUCATION, PHILOSOPHY OF
(0998); RELIGION, PHILOSOPHY OF (0322)
ISBN: 0-315-67723-6
Abstract: To those individuals who felt alienated and disillusioned
by traditional Western forms of religion, Alan Watts offered a
different way of looking at the world and a new understanding of what
it means to be religious. Borrowing heavily from Taoism, Zen
Buddhism, Vendanta Hinduism and other Eastern traditions, Watts
argues that our widely accepted notion of a person as an active,
willing agent existing as a lonely island of consciousness is an
illusion rooted in social and linguistic conventions.
In place of the typical Western image of God as an external
personal being governing the universe by means of his omnipotent will
and omniscient intellect, Watts argues in favour of the Eastern image
of God as the mysterious depth and ground of all being.
If education is concerned with the task of enabling a person to
grow and mature as a full human being and religion is concerned with
fostering the uniquely human capacity to be fully present and open to
the mystery and wonder of existence, then it follows that being
educated and becoming religious are part of the same process. For
Watts, religious education is characterized not according to a
specific content but rather an underlying set of values which promote
an awareness of humanity's interrelationship and interdependence with
the rest of the universe.
Order No: AAC 9134822 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: TEST ANXIETY AND TEST PERFORMANCE UNDER COMPUTERIZED ADAPTIVE TESTING METHODS
Author: POWELL, ZEN-HSIU EMILY
School: INDIANA UNIVERSITY (0093) Degree: PHD Date: 1991
pp: 179
Source: DAI-A 52/07, p. 2518, Jan 1992
Subject: EDUCATION, TESTS AND MEASUREMENTS (0288); EDUCATION,
TECHNOLOGY (0710); EDUCATION, CURRICULUM AND INSTRUCTION
(0727)
Abstract: Research on computerized adaptive testing (CAT) has shown
its potential to estimate student achievement accurately and
efficiently. However, there is a paucity of research on the
psychological impacts of CAT and how it may, consequently, affect
test performance. Three kinds of computerized adaptive testing
procedures were examined, in which items were selected in one of
three ways: (a) to match students' estimated achievement levels
(matched-selection), (b) from the item pool at random
(random-selection), and (c) according to student choice of item
difficulty levels (self-selection).
Twenty-four graduate students were randomly assigned to one of
six possible testing orders formed by the three adaptive tests while
blocking on native and nonnative speakers. While at a computer,
students first received a description of adaptive testing methods,
followed by a 20-item pre-test anxiety measure. The three adaptive
tests were then given in the assigned random order. Immediately after
each adaptive test, students responded to a 10-item in-test anxiety
scale. Finally, they ranked their preferences and evaluated their
performance on each of the three tests. Written student comments and
questions regarding the adaptive testing methods were also solicited.
No statistically significant differences were found among mean
student achievement scores, nor among in-test anxiety means, under
the three adaptive testing methods. Students who reported higher
pre-test anxiety were found to score significantly higher in the
matched-selection test. Students who preferred the matched-selection
and self-selection tests the most tended to be significantly less
anxious during those tests. However, instead of students' actual test
performance, it was their perception of how well they did that was
significantly correlated with their preference rankings for the three
tests. Though not central to this study, the matched-selection tests
required significantly fewer items to reach mastery decisions than
did the random-selection tests.
Order No: AAC 9222669 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: DYNAMIC ANALYSIS AND SYNTHESIS OF GEARED ROBOTIC MECHANISMS (ROBOTS)
Author: CHEN, DAR-ZEN
School: UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND COLLEGE PARK (0117) Degree: PHD
Date: 1991 pp: 172
Advisor: TSAI, LUNG-WEN
Source: DAI-B 53/04, p. 2019, Oct 1992
Subject: ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL (0548)
Abstract: The objective of this research is to develop a systematic
approach for the dynamic analysis of geared robotic mechanisms and to
establish systematic and rational methodologies for the determination
of gearing configuration and gear ratios.
First, systematic methodologies are developed for the formulation
of equations of motion and reaction forces analysis of geared robotic
mechanisms. The formulation of dynamic equations is based on the
concepts of equivalent open-loop chain and canonic graph
representation of such a mechanism. It is shown that the generalized
inertia forces can be formulated by separating the contribution due
to motion of major links and that due to the relative motion of
carried links with respect to major links. Then, generalized active
forces are formulated and combined with generalized inertia forces to
form the equations of motion. It is also shown that reaction force
analysis of such mechanisms can be efficiently carried out by a
link-by-link forward evaluation of carried links along its
transmission lines followed by a link-by-link backward evaluation of
major links along the equivalent open-loop chain.
Then, two methodologies are developed for the determination of
gearing configuration and gear ratios. The first methodology
considers the design from both kinematics and dynamics points of
view. It is shown that, through proper choice of gear ratios, certain
gear-coupled manipulators can be designed to possess kinematic
isotropy and maximum acceleration capacity (KIMAC) conditions at a
given reference point while individual-joint drive manipulators can
not be designed to possess such conditions. The train values of those
gear-coupled manipulators can be thought of as a product of two-stage
gear reductions. The second-stage gear reduction is used to define
the kinematic isotropic condition while the first-stage gear
reduction is used to optimize the acceleration capacity. The second
methodology considers the design from just the dynamics point of
view. It is shown that, to achieve a maximum acceleration capacity
(MAC), the mass inertia matrix of the input links reflected at the
joint-space should be equal to that of the major links. It is also
shown that the maximum acceleration capacity is independent of the
gearing configuration.
The methodologies developed in this research provide an efficient
and systematic approach for dynamic analysis and synthesis of a
general class of geared robotic mechanisms.
Order No: AAC 9212213 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: JAPANESE AND AMERICAN RHETORIC: A CONTRASTIVE STUDY
Author: CLAIBORNE, GAY DON
School: UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA (0206) Degree: PHD
Date: 1991 pp: 256
Advisor: OLSON, GARY A.
Source: DAI-A 52/11, p. 3901, May 1992
Subject: LANGUAGE, GENERAL (0679); LITERATURE, ENGLISH (0593);
WOMEN'S STUDIES (0453)
Abstract: The theory and practice of rhetoric have always been
important forces in the history of Western civilization. Contemporary
theorists generally endorse the social constructionist model of
rhetorical invention, that which views language as a medium of human
consciousness whereby meaning is both assigned and created.
The Japanese, however, have cultivated no such rhetorical
tradition. Rather, they have maintained a rigidly hierarchial,
authoritative social structure based on cultural values and
assumptions quite different from those of the West. Traditionally,
the Japanese have favored an implicit communication style, employing
rhetoric to facilitate social harmony. Cultural influences believed
to have thus shaped Japanese rhetoric include the homogeneity of the
population, the pervasiveness of Zen Buddhism as a system of their
holistic perceptions, and the relatively high aesthetic value they
assign to subtlety.
Compositional patterns in English and Japanese reflect the
diverse linguistic and other sociocultural features of Westerners and
the Japanese. The linearity of English contrasts with a circular
effect in Japanese rhetoric. The classical modes of appeal--ethos,
logos, and pathos--function in contrary ways for Westerners and the
Japanese.
The ideology of individualism predominates in Western rhetoric
whereas in Japan rhetoric serves to ensure close social relations. In
contemporary feminist theory, these attitudes demonstrate the
masculine and feminine principles, respectively, although to Western
feminists such 'communal consciousness' as the Japanese practice is a
limited view of the feminine principle.
Order No: AAC 9137164 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: ALL COME TO THIS: THE LIFE AND WORKS OF LEW WELCH IN THE CONTEXT OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY (WELCH LEW, BEAT POETRY, POETRY)
Author: SHAFFER, ERIC PAUL
School: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, DAVIS (0029) Degree: PHD
Date: 1991 pp: 161
Source: DAI-A 52/10, p. 3604, Apr 1992
Subject: LITERATURE, AMERICAN (0591); LITERATURE, ENGLISH (0593);
LITERATURE, MODERN (0298)
Abstract: This dissertation examines the works of Welch in the
context of contemporary events and thought. The poems are
contextualized in order to indicate the source and continuity of his
poetry and poetics. The purpose is to demonstrate the
inter-dependence of the poetry and the era.
Chapter 1 discusses the significance of Welch's arrival in
California at the beginning of the San Francisco Renaissance. His
rapid acclimation produced a sudden flowering of his poetry; yet he
remained unpublished, and his work was not widely read until 1965. By
explicating 'A Round of English,' a poem Welch dedicated to Whalen,
the chapter focuses on the importance of Philip Whalen to Welch's
development and career.
Chapter 2 examines Welch's poetics through a close reading of one
of Welch's major works, 'Wobbly Rock.' By examining his B.A. thesis
on her work, Gertrude Stein's extensive impact on the poetry and
thought of Welch and his association of Stein's theories of writing
with Zen Buddhism are discussed.
Chapter 3 explores Welch's appropriation of shamanism and its
significance to his poetic project. Having learned of shamanism with
fellow college students, Gary Snyder and Philip Whalen, Welch
incorporates many of the shaman's functions into his role as poet.
Certain features of shamanism help to explain parts of Hermit Poems.
Chapter 4 is an explication of The Song Mt. Tamalpais Sings.
Though Welch indicated that the book was unfinished, in many it is
the culmination of his work and contains his finest achievements. In
an extensive discussion of his two most significant works, 'The Song
Mt. Tamalpais Sings' and 'Song of the Turkey Buzzard,' the book is
approached as Welch's best fusion of elements of shamanism and Zen
Buddism in the creation of his 'new American religion.'
Chapter 5 examines Welch's apparent suicide from the perspective
of his poetics. A close reading of the final note provides some
indication that his suicide arose from more than his immediate
personal situation. His suicide appears, through his letters and
essays, to be part of the development of his poetry and poetics, more
a departure than a defeat.
Order No: AAC 9221781 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: 'THE LOTOS ROSE': T. S. ELIOT'S 'FOUR QUARTETS' AND EASTERN THOUGHT (ELIOT T. S. )
Author: LEE, KWANG-MI
School: THE UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE (0226) Degree: PHD
Date: 1991 pp: 196
Advisor: LEGGETT, B. J.
Source: DAI-A 53/04, p. 1166, Oct 1992
Subject: LITERATURE, ENGLISH (0593); RELIGION, PHILOSOPHY OF
(0322); LITERATURE, AMERICAN (0591)
Abstract: Along with the strong and continuing interest that the
contemporary world evinces in T. S. Eliot is a growing awareness of
the extent to which Eastern thought influenced his attitude and
thinking. Using a religio-philosophical approach, this study attempts
to assess the overall impact of Eastern thought on the aesthetics,
insights and wisdom implicit in Four Quartets. As a comprehensive
attempt to 'give equal weight' in Four Quartet studies to the East
Asian and Indic traditions, we will explore Eliot's poem in terms of
the world views of Hinduism, Buddhism (including Zen) and Taoism.
The work is composed of three chapters in addition to an
introduction and conclusion. Focusing on the existential problems of
suffering and impermanence, the first chapter examines the sources of
suffering as perceived by the poet, and his responses to the same
fundamental perception that moved Buddha. The next chapter deals with
the issues of detachment, askesis and love--with what Eliot believed
to be tentative solutions to the fragmented psyche of modern man and
to our disordered modern world. These issues, frequently presented in
Eliot's later poems and plays, are the underlying concerns of the
Oriental yoga of Buddhism, Hinduism and Taoism. In this chapter is
also explored Eliot's idea of the compatibility--synthesis--of divine
grace and human effort. The poet's conjectures on ontological issues
and on solutions to the problem of the human condition have their
epistemological proofs in the Quartets. The last chapter therefore
details Eliot's metaphysical resolution of the problem of
fragmentation and separateness--and his arrival, thus, at 'salvation'
through an epistemological understanding of the nature of reality. As
it scrutinizes the function of the Absolute and the nature of reality
on the bases of the Yin-Yang relation, this chapter too provides the
logic for the poem's conclusion, in which Eliot's monistic vision
culminates in the consummate union of the rose and the fire. Finally
in the chapter, Eliot's concept of 'the intersection of the timeless
with time' as a metaphor for the still point and the 'here and now'
is measured against the Jijimuge doctrine of the East Asian Buddhist
metaphysics.
As is central in Eastern thought, Four Quartets consists of
diagnoses of spiritual problems and speculation as to how they may be
solved. Eliot posits 'non-ego' cultivation and intuitive knowledge as
ways to attain to a sense of unity and wholeness; he attempts to
supplant ego with a sense of the interrelatedness of one with all
being, while suggesting that detachment (from fruits of action),
askesis (spiritual discipline) and love lead to fulfillment of the
promise of enlightenment.
Order No: AAC 9209660 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: POUND, WILLIAMS, AND CHINESE POETRY: THE SHAPING OF A MODERNIST TRADITION, 1913-1923 (POUND EZRA, WILLIAMS WILLIAM CARLOS, LI PO, WANG WEI)
Author: QIAN, ZHAOMING
School: TULANE UNIVERSITY (0235) Degree: PHD Date: 1991 pp: 239
Advisor: AHEARN, BARRY
Source: DAI-A 52/10, p. 3613, Apr 1992
Subject: LITERATURE, ENGLISH (0593); LITERATURE, COMPARATIVE
(0295); LITERATURE, ASIAN (0305)
Abstract: The rapid modernization of Pound's poetry between 1912 and
1917, and of Williams' poetry between 1917 and 1923, can largely be
accounted for by their response to literary influences. While the two
poets' debt to the French has been thoroughly studied by Rene Taupin,
what they owed to the Chinese has only been briefly treated in a few
books. My dissertation proposes to fill up this gap by tracing their
explorations of Chinese poetry in this period and identify the
Chinese influence in their early works.
My investigation begins with a survey of Pound's discovery of
Chinese Imagism in 1913. Evidence will show an immediate relation
between his initial Chinese exploration and the making of Des
Imagistes. Pound was inspired to write the four pre-Fenollosan
Chinese poems by studying H. A. Giles. The experiment in turn
encouraged him to bring together poems modeled on the Greek and on
the Chinese. What he derived from the Chinese was a 'hardness' that
is not seen in Ripostes. Pound's next move was toward Vorticism and
Cathay. Ample evidence from published and unpublished material will
demonstrate how Pound succeeds in reviving the beauty and simplicity
of Li Po, and how he fails to bring out the Zen-Buddhist essence of
Li Po's contemporary Wang Wei.
Williams' early enthusiasm for Chinese poetry remains unexplored.
Evidence will testify that he began a dialogue with the Mid-Tang poet
Po Chu-i, first through Giles and then through Authur Waley, between
1918 and 1921. The result of this encounter was an adoption of
Chinese notion and method in his own poetry. Without this dialogue,
Williams wouldn't have attained a Taoistic serenity in many of his
Sour Grapes poems. As Williams evolved toward Spring and All, the
influence of Po Chu-i became less visible. Scrutiny reveals, however,
Chinese elements blended with elements from other traditions.
Though my study relies on historical data, its real emphasis is
on comparison of texts between periods and cultures. My theory of
influence is that affinity comes before direct influence. Pound and
Williams were both prepared to receive the Eastern heritage.
Order No: AAC 9131794 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: RAPID DECAY PROPERTY AND SMALL CANCELLATION GROUPS (GROUP THEORY)
Author: ONG, PING-ZEN
School: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO (0033) Degree: PHD
Date: 1991 pp: 70
Advisor: FREEDMAN, M.; YAU, S. T.
Source: DAI-B 52/05, p. 2596, Nov 1991
Subject: MATHEMATICS (0405)
Abstract: Let $/Gamma$ be a finitely presented group. Based on the
fact that smooth functions on torus, $T/sp n$, have rapidly
decreasing Fourier coefficients, we can define a new notion in group
theory called rapid decay (RD).
Finitely generated amenable groups are shown to have property
(RD) if and only if they are almost nilpotent. On the other extreme,
the fundamental groups of the closed negatively curved manifolds, and
more generally, the Gromov hyperbolic groups, are also proved to have
property (RD). This fact has been used by Connes and Moscovici to
establish the Novikov conjecture for the Gromov hyperbolic groups.
From the fact that the Novikov conjecture is true for the
fundamental group of a non-positively curved manifold, it is believed
that a wider class of groups should have property (RD), especially
those groups with a semi-hyperbolic nature. (Notice that
$/doubz/sp[n]$, the fundamental group of flat torus, has property
(RD)).
The groups whose presentations satisfy a 'small cancellation'
condition are conjectured to have property (RD). We prove the
conjecture for several special cases of the small cancellation
groups. One of them is: Theorem. The square tessellation groups have
property (RD).
Small cancellation groups are subclasses of the so called
automatic groups which are thought to be a good candidate for
semi-hyperbolic theory. Due to the geometrical analogy, there is a
conjecture about the subgroups of automatic groups as follows:
Conjecture (Gersten and Short). All the solvable subgroups of
automatic groups are abelian by finite.
By using property of (RD) and biautomaticity, we partially
confirm this conjecture as a corollary of above theorem. Corollary.
All finitely generated amenable subgroups of square tessellation
groups are abelian by finite.
Order No: AAC 9201533 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: JAPANESE ELEMENTS IN THE PIANO WORKS OF TORU TAKEMITSU (TAKEMITSU TORU)
Author: LEE, CHUNG-HAING
School: UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS (0158) Degree: DMA Date: 1991
pp: 69
Advisor: BANOWETZ, JOSEPH
Source: DAI-A 52/08, p. 2752, Feb 1992
Subject: MUSIC (0413); LITERATURE, ASIAN (0305)
Abstract: This investigation reveals the distinctively Japanese
elements in the piano works of Toru Takemitsu. The particular pieces
analyzed are 'Piano Distance,' 'For Away,' and 'Uninterrupted Rests'
Nos. 1, 2, and 3.
Japanese aesthetic elements in traditional art and music include
mental tranquility and enlightenment derived from Zen Buddhism, which
embraces spontaneity, fearlessness, silence, and simplicity. Love of
nature is another major influence. Japanese music has a higher level
of sensitivity to tone color than Western music. Japanese drama
contains successive independent events. Their musical accompaniment
contains fragmented melodies, sudden dynamic changes, and
unpredictable rhythms, which can produce vibrant, serenely meditative
energy.
All of these qualities are found in Takemitsu's music, though not
obviously, as he combines them with Western innovations. Irregular
phrase structures are defined by silence. Melodies are generally
non-scalar and non-lyrical. Pointillism is employed by Takemitsu,
borrowed, not from modern techniques, but from ancient Japanese
practice. There are six modes used to compensate for the ancient
instruments' inability to transpose. Takemitsu rearranges intervallic
relationships to achieve desired results.
Takemitsu employs simultaneous and cumulative sonority to produce
variations. This concept of sonorous variations incorporating melodic
material is the very essence of Oriental music. Interest is created
through changes in articulation, timbre, pitch inflections, and
diverse types of vibrato.
His texture is unfamiliar to Western ears because melody and
accompaniment are inseparable. Sonority envelops the melody. Climax
is built up through textual density.
Takemitsu's piano pieces are all non-metric except for
'Uninterrupted Rests' No. 3. 'Fixed time' is difficult to calculate.
Tempo indications are only guidelines, and there is great flexibility
in actual performance.
Takemitsu's piano works reveal a new scope to the concept of
sound in modern piano literature. He achieves originality through his
imagination and his Japanese cultural and musical heritage. Subtle
Japanese elements, which have been embedded for centuries in Japan's
culture and music, lend a unique, but not outwardly Japanese, feeling
to his work.
Order No: AAC 1346622 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: TOWARD OUR TRUE NATURE: EXPERIENTIAL RESOURCES FOR A MORE ECOLOGICAL AND PEACEFUL WORLD
Author: NAKANO, TAMIO
School: CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF INTEGRAL STUDIES (0392)
Degree: MA Date: 1991 pp: 249
Source: MAI 30/02, p. 223, Summer 1992
Subject: PHILOSOPHY (0422); RELIGION, GENERAL (0318); SOCIOLOGY,
GENERAL (0626)
Abstract: 'Ecology' and 'Peace' are big subjects for me. How can we
transform Japanese businesses into more ecological and peaceful
practices? This project is a bold challenge for this question.
Analyzing causes of the environmental crisis and obstructions to
world peace, I found some root causes common to both issues. In order
to find the ways to go beyond these causes, I studied the literature
of Thich Nhat Hanh, Vietnamese Zen master; Joanna Macy, teacher and
social activist; and Howard Schechter, teacher and consultant. I also
explored the Native American traditions and Chinese Qi Gong as
resources. Then I engaged in research of the experiential work of
each of above three teachers utilizing the method of participant
observation. Finally, I planned frameworks for my own workshops which
provide experiential resources to go beyond the root causes. I will
offer this work in Japan.
Order No: AAC 9123713 ProQuest - Dissertation Abstracts
Title: STUDIES OF LASER ABLATION OF SOLID SAMPLES AND ITS PLASMA FORMATION
Author: HWANG, ZEN-WEN
School: UNIVERSITY OF LOWELL (0111) Degree: PHD Date: 1991
pp: 133
Advisor: SNEDDON, JOSEPH; TENG, YE-YUNG
Source: DAI-B 52/03, p. 1523, Sep 1991
Subject: PHYSICS, CONDENSED MATTER (0611)
Abstract: Laser ablation of solid samples has been studied since the
development of the ruby laser. The metallic sample is vaporized and
excited by absorption of an intensive laser radiation. The
vaporization or ablation depends on laser parameters and certain
physical characteristics of the sample. Theoretical studies have been
limited to a few materials and no analytical solution has been known
for quantitative predictions. A theoretical model was established to
relate the mass ablated to the laser irradiance in terms of the
thermal properties of the metal. To better understand the breakdown
phenomenon, it is essential to investigate the development and
propagation of the metal vapor plasma. Space and time resolved
spectrometric studies were carried out. Results obtained indicate
that the plasma, created on four different metal targets by an
excimer laser with a wavelength of 193 nm and laser energy of 150 to
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